The macula is located on the retina at the base of the eye and is one of the normal anatomical structures of the eye, the location of the clearest vision. Macular degeneration, i.e., diseases that occur in the macula, is a large group of diseases. It includes central plasmacytoid chorioretinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, macular cystoid edema, myopic macular degeneration and macular fissure, etc. 1. Central plasmacytoid chorioretinopathy: It occurs mostly in young and middle-aged men aged 25-50 in good health, and usually heals spontaneously, but is prone to recurrence. The cause of the disease is unknown, and factors that may trigger or aggravate the disease include mood swings, excessive stress, pregnancy, and heavy systemic use of glucocorticoids. The onset of the disease is characterized by decreased visual acuity, darkened, distorted, smaller and more distant visual objects, and retinal disc detachment in the macula visible on fundus examination. Most patients can heal themselves in 3-6 months. 2.Age-related macular degeneration: It occurs mostly in patients over 50 years old, with successive or simultaneous onset in both eyes, and progressive visual impairment, which is the primary cause of irreversible visual impairment in people over 60 years old. The exact cause of the disease is still unclear, and may be related to genetic factors, long-term chronic light damage to the macula, metabolic and nutritional factors, etc. 3, macular cystoid edema: that is, fundus examination can find macular cystoid edema, mostly secondary to retinal vascular disease, such as retinal vein obstruction, diabetic retinopathy; ocular inflammation, such as uveitis, retinal vasculitis, etc.; internal eye surgery, such as occurring after glaucoma, cataract, retinal detachment surgery. 4.Myopic macular degeneration: It is common in highly myopic patients, due to the progressive elongation of the eye axis in highly myopic patients, pulling the structure of the fundus causing macular atrophy and hemorrhage, etc. 5, macular fissure: when the neuroepithelial layer of the macula is restrictedly missing in its entirety, it is called macular fissure, which can appear in elderly people as they grow older, and can also be caused by eye trauma, high myopia and macular degeneration. To sum up, macular lesion is a large group of diseases occurring in the macular area of the eye, which can cause vision loss and visual distortion.