The macula is located on the retina at the base of the eye and is one of the normal anatomical structures of the eye, being the center of visual projection and the location of the clearest vision. Macular degeneration is a large group of diseases, including central plasmacytochoroidal retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, macular cystoid edema, myopic macular degeneration and macular fissure, etc. The main symptoms are vision loss and visual distortion, but the symptom characteristics and macular changes are different. 1, central plasmacytoid chorioretinopathy: It occurs mostly in young and middle-aged men aged 25-50 in good health, with the main symptoms of vision loss, darkening, deformation, small and distant visual objects, accompanied by central relative dark area. Examination of the fundus reveals a round or oval detachment of the retina in the macula. Most of the patients can heal themselves in 3-6 months, and their vision can be restored, but the deformation or shrinking of visual objects can last for more than 1 year. 2.Age-related macular degeneration: It occurs mostly in patients over 50 years old, with successive or simultaneous onset in both eyes and progressive visual impairment, which is the primary cause of irreversible visual impairment in people over 60 years old. Dry age-related macular degeneration starts slowly, with gradual loss of vision in both eyes and visual distortion. Wet age-related macular degeneration may cause retinal exudative or hemorrhagic detachment, and patients may experience a sudden loss of vision in the affected eye with visual distortion or central dark spot. In the advanced stage, scar formation in the macula may lead to complete loss of central vision. 3.Macular cystoid edema and macular fissure: macular cystoid edema, i.e., cystoid edema in macular area can be found in fundus examination, mostly secondary to retinal vascular disease, ocular inflammation, internal eye surgery, etc.; macular fissure is a limited total loss of neuroepithelial layer of macula, which can occur in elderly people with age, and can also be caused by eye trauma, high myopia and macular degeneration. When the above patients feel the loss of vision and visual distortion, they should be alert to macular degeneration. To sum up, the main symptoms of macular degeneration are vision loss, visual distortion and fixed dark spot in the central visual field.