Before introducing prostate disease, let’s get to know the prostate. A. What is the prostate gland? The prostate gland is not a pair of substantial apparatus, is the largest accessory gland in the male reproductive organs, composed of glandular tissue and muscle tissue. The actual prostate gland has a transverse diameter of about 4cm, a vertical diameter of about 3cm, and an anterior and posterior diameter of about 2cm. the surface is wrapped in a fascial sheath, called the prostate capsule. The prostate gland has a prostate vein plexus between the capsule and the prostate gland. The secretions of the prostate gland are the main component of semen. The prostate gland is a slightly flattened chestnut shape, with a wide upper end called the base of the prostate, adjacent to the bladder neck. The lower end, which is pointed and thin, is located on the urogenital septum and is called the tip of the prostate. The part between the base and the tip is called the body of the prostate. The back of the body is flat and has a longitudinal shallow groove on the median line called the prostatic groove. The male urethra penetrates the prostate near the anterior edge of the base of the gland, through the anterior part of the glandular parenchyma, and out by the prostatic apices. Near the posterior edge of the base, a pair of ejaculatory ducts penetrate the prostate and open on the seminal caruncle in the posterior wall of the prostatic part of the urethra. The excretory ducts of the prostate gland open in the posterior wall of the urethral prostate. The prostate is generally divided into five lobes: the anterior lobe, middle lobe, posterior lobe, and both lobes. The middle lobe is wedge-shaped and is located between the urethra and the ejaculatory duct. Second, the relationship between the prostate and the surrounding organs The prostate is located between the bladder and the urogenital diaphragm. The base of the prostate is adjacent to the bladder neck, the seminal vesicle gland and the vas deferens jugular. In front of it is the pubic symphysis, and behind it is the rectal jugular (when doing clinical rectal palpation, the prostate can be palpated across the anterior rectal wall, which is of great significance in the diagnosis of prostate disease). 1. posterior pubic space; 2. seminal storage vesicles; 3. vas deferens 4. the anterior surface of the rectal peritoneum (Douglas space); 5. Denonvilliers’ fascia; 6. the rectum. Three, the role of the prostate 1, with exocrine function. The prostate is the largest accessory gland in men and is one of the exocrine glands in the human body. It can secrete prostatic fluid, which is an important component of semen, has an important role in the normal function of sperm and is very important for fertility. The secretion of prostatic fluid is regulated by androgens. 2, has an endocrine function. The prostate is rich in 5α-reductase, which converts testosterone into the more physiologically active dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone plays an important role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. By blocking the 5α-reductase enzyme, the production of dihydrotestosterone can be reduced, thus causing the hyperplastic prostate tissue to shrink. 3, has the function of controlling urination. The prostate wraps around the urethra and is close to the bladder neck, constituting the proximal urethral wall, and its circular smooth muscle fibers surround the prostate part of the urethra and participate in constituting the internal sphincter of the urethra. When the urge to urinate occurs, along with the contraction of the forceps, the internal sphincter is relaxed, allowing urination to proceed smoothly. 4, has a transport function. The prostate gland has a urethra and two ejaculatory ducts. When ejaculation occurs, the muscles of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicle gland contract to press the contents of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle gland through the ejaculatory ducts into the posterior urethra and then out of the body. In summary, the prostate has four important functions that play an important role in the human body.