Stage 0 Patients diagnosed with stage 0 gallbladder cancer (tumors confined to the mucosal epithelium) have an 80% survival rate of 5 years or more. Stage I Only less than 20% of gallbladder cancers are diagnosed at this stage. Most stage 1 gallbladder cancers are usually discovered accidentally during cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones or cholecystitis. The earliest tumors (stage T1a) require no further treatment and can be treated with cholecystectomy. However, it should be noted that even the earliest stage of gallbladder cancer has the risk of recurrence. Tumors that invade the muscular layer of the gallbladder wall (stage T1b), or invade the gallbladder wall closer to the liver, will then undergo an extended cholecystectomy, including removal of part of the liver and surrounding lymph nodes adjacent to the tumor site to reduce the risk of recurrence. In some cases, the surgeon must determine the tumor only after intraoperative pathological findings. In this case, another surgery, i.e., enlarged cholecystectomy, is usually required. after stage 1 gallbladder cancer surgery, adjuvant radiation therapy is usually recommended to kill any tumor cells that may remain. However, only some small clinical trials have reported that the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in preventing tumor recurrence is unclear. Extended cholecystectomy involves the removal of the gallbladder, 1 cm or more of liver tissue at the base of the gallbladder, and the lymph nodes in the resected area. A more extensive procedure than an extended cholecystectomy is a radical cholecystectomy. The scope of surgery includes wedge resection of the gallbladder, the liver at the base of the gallbladder, some or all of the common bile duct in the liver and intestine, and the lymph nodes in the pancreas and surrounding blood vessels. Stage II Most stage II cancers are also usually discovered unexpectedly during a cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones or cholecystitis. You may undergo an enlarged cholecystectomy or more extensive surgery, after which you will need radiation or chemotherapy to reduce the risk of recurrence. Stage III Previously, doctors did not consider surgery for patients with stage 3 gallbladder cancer, but with improved surgical techniques, extended cholecystectomy or more extensive surgery offers the possibility and hope of surgical treatment for stage 3 patients, potentially extending their survival time. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy is often used to continue symptom control and prevent recurrence. Stage IV Surgery is not recommended. However, palliative surgery is feasible to relieve the symptoms of tumor obstruction of the biliary system. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be used, but chemotherapy regimens are unclear and still in the clinical trial stage.