Gallbladder stones are a common surgical condition. According to epidemiological surveys, its incidence is 10%-15% in western countries and about 4.42%-8.20% in China, 92.4% of patients need to receive medication or surgery during the course of the disease. The complication rate of gallbladder stone surgery is 5% and the mortality rate is 0.2%. Since the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1985, it has gradually replaced all other treatments as the gold standard for gallbladder stone treatment because of its minimally invasive nature, fewer complications, broad indications, clear efficacy, and absence of gallbladder stone recurrence. With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques such as endoscopy and laparoscopy, and the increasing understanding of the pathophysiological effects and gallbladder function after cholecystectomy, the concept of gallbladder preservation to remove stones (i.e. gallbladder stone retrieval) is becoming more and more perfect, and the call for gallbladder stone retrieval is becoming stronger. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic gallbladder stones, there are always complications and surgical risks associated with the procedure, with a vascular injury rate of 0.2%, a bile duct injury rate of 0.2% to 0.8%, and an intestinal injury rate of 0.07% to 0.87%, according to the literature [3]. In particular, the consequences of bile duct injury complications for patients are often catastrophic. More attention should be paid to the fact that surgical removal of the gallbladder, although avoiding the recurrence of gallbladder stones, also brings problems caused by the loss of the gallbladder. After gallbladder removal, patients lose the function of concentrating, storing and discharging bile from the gallbladder, resulting in the inability of the organism to provide sufficient bile when eating, especially when eating high-fat and high-protein foods, so the incidence of indigestion, bloating and diarrhea in patients increases significantly, and the incidence of reflux esophagitis and inflammation of the stomach and duodenum in some patients increases significantly, affecting the quality of life of patients. After cholecystectomy, the incidence of common bile duct stones increases due to compensatory dilatation of the common bile duct and the relative narrowing of the terminal opening of the common bile duct. In addition, the mucosa of the gallbladder has certain secretory and immune functions, and removal of the gallbladder will have a certain impact on the immune defense function of the biliary tract. The risk of stone recurrence varies among domestic reports, with a recurrence rate of about 5% (average follow-up of 26 months) under the premise of strict control of surgical indications and delicate intraoperative operation. However, since the endoscopic treatment of gallbladder preservation and stone extraction is a minimally invasive technique, patients believe that even if the gallstones recur after 10 years, it is more meaningful to undergo endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder preservation and stone extraction than to have no gallbladder function for life. We recommend that patients take ursodeoxycholic acid regularly for at least 6 months after surgery to prevent recurrence of gallbladder stones. In addition to medication, patients should be encouraged to participate in aerobic exercise, regular rest and rest, adjust their dietary structure, and have regular follow-up examinations (regular outpatient follow-up abdominal ultrasound (3 months), liver function, and blood lipids) to ensure the efficacy of surgery. In summary, cholecystectomy is not the only treatment option for patients with gallbladder stones with cholecystitis. Some of these patients can retain a functional gallbladder under strict control of the surgical indications and delicate intraoperative operation. Gallbladder stones cannot be treated by removing the gallbladder.