Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic disease in which the spine is the main lesion, starting in the sacroiliac joint and gradually causing spinal ankylosis and fibrosis, resulting in impaired bending. It is noteworthy that this disease is easily overlooked and misdiagnosed and mistreated. Many patients have been misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar strain, disc herniation, etc. for a long time. In the advanced stage of the disease, the patient’s waist will become curved and form a hunchback. According to the survey, the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis is not low, accounting for about 0, 3% of the population, the ratio of men to women is 10 to 1, the peak age of onset in the 20-30 years. The cause of ankylosing spondylitis is still not very clear, some believe that it is related to endocrine disorders or metabolic disorders in the body, while others believe that it is related to autoimmune and genetic factors. For example, in the first generation of relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis, the risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis is 20 to 40 times higher than in the general population. Recent studies have suggested that the development of the disease may be related to intestinal infection factors, as the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in the intestines of such patients is significantly higher than in normal subjects. Ankylosing spondylitis starts slowly, with the first symptoms of low back pain, especially in the morning when you wake up, you feel stiffness in the lower back and cannot sit still, and the patient always thinks it is a lumbar strain. As the disease progresses, patients experience pain in the lumbar, hip, and hip joints, with limited movement and difficulty turning over in severe cases. After a few years, the lesions gradually move from the lumbar spine to the thoracic and cervical spine, or down to the sacroiliac and hip joints, resulting in hunchback deformity and medullary joint flexion deformity. How can ankylosing spondylitis be recognized early? There is still a difference between the low back pain of ankylosing spondylitis and lumbar strain and disc herniation. Lumbar muscle strain is pain that worsens with exertion, and disc herniation is severe pain, while ankylosing spondylitis is often a painful stiffness in the lower back when you wake up in the morning, which can be relieved with a little activity. Ankylosing spondylitis is closely related to genetics, with a 30% chance of children having a parent with the disease. The disease can be distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by increased blood sedimentation, increased protein in the cerebrospinal fluid, and positive histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27. CT examinations can detect damage to the thoracolumbar and sacroiliac joints as early as possible, which is different from rheumatoid arthritis, which attacks the large joints of the extremities, and rheumatoid arthritis, which attacks the small joints of the extremities. The prevention and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis should do the following: 1, maintain the correct physiological posture. Patients in daily life, work and study as far as possible, avoid bending over for a long time, especially in the acute attack period to pay special attention to keep the body straight, chest, which can prevent deformities occur. 2. During the acute attack period, bed rest is recommended, mainly supine, and a hard bed should be slept on, and high pillows should not be used, so that the waist and back can be naturally extended and the normal physiological curvature can be maintained to prevent hunchback deformity. 3.Ensure sufficient nutrition, eat more meat, eggs, aquatic products, fresh vegetables and fruits rich in nutrients. 4.If there are infected lesions in the body, such as cold, tonsillitis, chronic sinusitis, chronic prostatitis, etc., they should be treated in time. 5 Avoid heavy physical labor to prevent aggravation of the disease. 6, the mood should be relaxed, the mood should be cheerful. 7, adhere to the functional exercise of the back and limbs, in order to make the joints flexible, qi and blood flow smoothly, to facilitate recovery. The exercise methods include deep breathing exercises and chest expansion exercises, which can prevent the lesion from reaching the chest and restricting breathing; playing tai chi to increase the movement of the spine and limbs, doing back flexion and extension exercises to slow down the development of the lesion; body suspension door frame, using its own force to stretch the muscles and ligaments, stretching the back, traction therapy, swimming, with the buoyancy of the water to relax the muscles and joints, reducing the stimulation of the affected joints. Patients can choose to use the above methods according to their own conditions. In terms of medication, patients in the acute stage can take salicylic acid such as aspirin orally, while patients in the chronic stage can use anti-inflammatory pain, fotarine, ibuprofen, etc., and should also take long term salbutamol. Note that drug treatment should be applied under the guidance of physicians. Chinese herbal medicine, tui na, acupuncture, physiotherapy and other methods can also be used under the guidance of physicians, and surgical treatment can be used to correct the deformity of the low back in patients with advanced disease.