Neurosyphilis is currently curable and penicillin is generally applied to treat various types of syphilis, such as congenital syphilis, asymptomatic syphilis and neurosyphilis. When penicillin is used to treat neurosyphilis, its total dose must be at a level that kills the spirochetes so that they are completely eliminated in the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord. There are generally two regimens: the first, penicillin G administered intravenously daily, and the second, procaine penicillin administered intramuscularly daily with oral propofol. During the application of penicillin treatment, the death of a large number of spirochetes can lead to an allergic reaction with rash and urticaria. To prevent allergic reactions, prednisone can be given orally one day before penicillin treatment. For those who are allergic to penicillin, Doxycycline can be used instead. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid routine and syphilis reaction are rechecked annually at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th months and after 2 years after anti-syphilis treatment. If the results are abnormal, the tests should be performed continuously for more than 2 years. If the disease is stable and the clinical symptoms improve after 3 years, and the serological and cerebrospinal fluid syphilis reaction is normal, the neurological clinical examination and the serological and cerebrospinal fluid syphilis reaction tests can be stopped. The central task of neurosyphilis prevention and treatment is to strengthen legal moral and health publicity and education, to outlaw prostitution, to strengthen the prevention of venereal disease patients, and to treat neurosyphilis patients thoroughly.