Gallbladder stone surgery, the gallbladder is cut or preserved Gallbladder stones are a common disease and a frequent occurrence. The incidence rate is about 10% in western countries and about 8% in China. Gallbladder stones can cause cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis and other comorbidities, and it is reported that about 90% of gallbladder stone patients will need to receive medication or surgery during their lifetime. The two methods of gallbladder stone treatment, cholecystectomy and removal of stones to preserve the gallbladder, have been debated for more than 100 years. In the last 30 years, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the “gold standard” for the treatment of gallbladder stones due to its proven efficacy and minimal trauma, while the recurrence rate of up to 50% for previous gallstone removal surgery was gradually eliminated by surgeons at the end of the last century. However, the gallbladder has complex and important functions, and is an irreplaceable and vital digestive organ. Numerous clinical studies in recent years have found that a small number of patients may experience certain adverse effects after cholecystectomy, such as 1) dyspepsia, bloating, and diarrhea; 2) reflux gastritis and esophagitis; 3) increased chances of common bile duct stones; and 4) changes in enterohepatic circulation and lipid metabolism after cholecystectomy, which cannot be fully compensated for by recovery. Therefore, in recent years, surgeons have again started to perform biliary stone extraction surgery in a small number of strictly screened patients, especially with the application of high-definition surgical endoscopic instruments, which makes biliary stone extraction surgery like a tiger. During the consultation, many patients ask their doctors, “Should I have my gallbladder removed or should I have my gallstones removed? The indications for cholecystectomy have been relatively clear after decades of research and observation. In contrast, the observation of the efficacy of biliary stone extraction surgery is basically based on the conclusion of 20 years ago, and there is no recent convincing clinical data at home and abroad, which is one of the reasons for the confusion of the scope of biliary stone extraction surgery carried out in China. At present, the mainstream consensus in the medical community at home and abroad is that this procedure is only suitable for a small group of strictly screened patients with a standardized and formalized consultation and treatment process. Combined with the technical specifications for minimally invasive biliary stone extraction (polyps) surgery published by the Chinese Physicians Association Endoscopist Branch in 2012, the indications are: 1) normal size of gallbladder, no atrophy of gallbladder, normal wall thickness and smooth mucosa; 2) no or mild symptoms of right upper abdominal pain and mild inflammation; 3) good gallbladder function and normal gallbladder emptying and contraction function; 4) single or multiple stones not In cases of severe gallbladder inflammation, more gallbladder stones, gallbladder atrophy, gallbladder tumor polyps and suspected gallbladder cancer, active gallbladder preservation surgery is still more than worth the cost.