The clinical manifestations of common bile duct stones and the mildness, severity and criticality of the disease depend entirely on the degree of stone obstruction and the presence or absence of a combined biliary tract infection. Paroxysmal epigastric cramps, chills and fever and jaundice are the typical manifestations of biliary tract infection secondary to stone obstruction. If the biliary tract infection is serious and complicated by acute obstructive purulent cholangitis, the disease develops rapidly and even shows infectious shock, if not treated in time, death often occurs within 1-2 days or even hours due to circulatory failure. Common bile duct stones can also lead to acute biliary pancreatitis, which accounts for more than 50% of the overall incidence of pancreatitis. For the treatment of common bile duct stones, the early release of biliary obstruction is of vital importance to alleviate the progression of the disease. The most effective means of relieving biliary obstruction are traditional open surgery and endoscopic techniques. Traditional surgery is very traumatic, and elderly patients have a lot of entrapment, the compensatory function of each organ is declining, and their tolerance to surgery is low, which leads to great risk and high postoperative complication rate. The so-called endoscopic stone extraction technique, also known as ERCP, does not require general anesthesia and surgical incision in the abdomen, as long as the duodenoscope is inserted through the mouth to the descending duodenal segment and inserted through the opening of the duodenal papilla of the bile duct, the presence, location, number and size of biliary stones are determined under X-ray machine fluoroscopy, and the opening of the duodenal papilla can be cut larger with a slim electric knife under the endoscope, and then special stone extraction instruments are inserted to remove the common bile duct stones. Compared with traditional surgery, it has the advantages of short course, less pain, lower cost, less bleeding, most patients even do not bleed, less complications, and can be repeatedly treated with stone extraction.