Physique and health Formed by congenital inheritance and acquired, the inherent and relatively stable characteristics of human individuals in terms of morphological structure and functional activity are correlated with psychological personality. The differences in individual physiology are reflected in certain differences in response and adaptation to external stimuli in the physiological state, as well as in susceptibility to certain pathogenic factors in the pathogenesis process and in the tendency to disease development. Therefore, the study of physiology helps to analyze the occurrence and evolution of diseases and provides the basis for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Overview The inherited and acquired characteristics of the human individual, inherent and relatively stable in morphological structure and functional activity, are correlated with psychological personality. Differences in individual constitution are manifested in certain differences in response and adaptation to external stimuli in the physiological state, as well as in susceptibility to certain pathogenic factors in the pathogenesis process and in the tendency to disease development. Therefore, the study of constitution helps to analyze the occurrence and evolution of diseases and provides the basis for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Chinese medicine theory and classification “constitution” is a pathophysiological concept formed during the development of Chinese medicine theory. The term “body” is not found in the Dictionary, but the terms “body” and “quality” are explained as follows: “body” refers to body, “quality” for the nature, essence. The so-called body quality is the quality characteristics of the body due to the bias of the internal organs, meridians, qi and blood, yin and yang. The quality characteristics of the body are complex, but according to the functional state of the internal organs, qi, blood, yin and yang, as well as the presence or absence of evil, can be divided into two categories: normal and abnormal body. Abnormal physique can also be divided into deficiency physique and real physique, or composite physique according to the prevalence of evil. 1, the normal physique that the body is strong and no hot and cold bias of the physique. The body is fat, thin and proportionate, robust, hair is long and black, the face is red, the complexion is red and yellow, bright and subtle, the gaze is bright, the essence is contained, the nose is bright and moist, the sense of smell is fluent, the mouth and the lips are red and moist, the stomach is good, the limbs are light and strong, can tolerate heat and cold, the stool is normal, the pulse is calm and slow, the rhythm is even, the tongue is light red and moist, the moss is thin and white. This type of physique has no obvious bias between yin and yang. 2, deficient physique Refers to the deficiency of internal organs, lack of Qi and blood, Yin and Yang as the main characteristics of the physique state. There are four common categories. ① Qi deficiency physique: refers to the quality of vegetative weakness and less strength. This type of fat and thin people have, but thin people are more. Hair is not flashy, yellow face or white light white, yellow complexion, less eyes, yellowish nose, light mouth, less lip color, weak limbs, intolerance of heat and cold, dull, normal stool or constipation, normal urine or more, the pulse is weak and slow, the tongue is light red, with tooth marks on the side. Blood deficiency: This refers to the common quality characteristics of the blood deficiency body. Mainly visible facial atrophy or pale, light lips and tongue, dry hair, skin is not lustrous, mental weakness, fatigue, short of breath, constipation, weak pulse, etc. Yin deficiency physique: refers to the physique with deficiency of yin, loss of nourishment, and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity. The body shape is thin and long, the face is mostly red or zygomatic red, the complexion is pale and red, the sclera is more red or dark, the eyes are dry, the vision is dim, there are many mucus, the nose is slightly dry, or there is nosebleed, the mouth is dry and the throat is dry, the lips are red and slightly dry, the heart of the hands and feet is hot, the stool is dry or constipated, the urine is short and red, the pulse is thin and stringent or numbered, the tongue is red with little or no moss. Yang deficiency: refers to the physical state of deficiency of yang energy and the internal strength of yin and cold. Most commonly seen in the form of obesity, the face less florid, white light white, hair easy to fall off, soft white complexion, two eyes cell color obscure, nose cold or slightly green, mouth and lips light red, cold form and limbs cold, tiredness, back or the epigastric afraid of cold, more like partial heat food, loose stool, urine clear long, light fat tongue, side of the teeth marks, white moss. 3, the real physique evil surplus for the real, so the real physique is mainly refers to the internal yin and yang, phlegm, stasis and other evil internal knot formed by the quality characteristics, the following five types of common physique. ①Yin-cold physique: refers to the quality of Yin Qi in the body. See the shape of strong, tight muscles, purple and black skin, four bodies are often cold, more static and less active, like heat and cold, light tongue, tight pulse. ②Yang-heat body: refers to the quality of Yang Qi in the body. See the body is more robust, the face is flushed or red-black, with oil, eyes are congested with blood and mucus, the lips are dark red or purple-red, the tongue is red or dark red, firm, the tongue coating is thin yellow or yellow greasy, the pulse is tight and strong. ③ phlegm-damp physique: refers to the quality characteristics formed due to the retention of phlegm and water-dampness in the body. The body shape is mostly obese and plump, the face is yellowish and dark, the complexion is white and smooth, the nose is slightly dark, the mouth is sticky and unpleasant, the limbs are heavy, the body is addicted to wine and tea, the body eats fat and sweet, the bowels are normal or insubstantial, the urine is not much or slightly muddy, the pulse is moist or slippery, and the moss is greasy. Stasis of blood: refers to the state of body with irregular meridians, blood stasis, or internal obstruction of blood stasis. This type is mostly seen in thin people. The hair tends to fall out, the face is sallow or the cheeks see red silk and red strands, the complexion is dark and stagnant, or see red spots and spots, or have skin nail mistakes, the eyes are dark, or the white beads see blue and purple, the red tendons float, the nose is dark and stagnant, the mouth is dry, but wants to gargle but does not want to swallow, the lips are light and dark or purple, the pulse is stringent or sunken, fine and astringent or knotted, the tongue is blue and purple or dark, or the tongue is green at the edge, dotted or flaky petechiae, and the veins under the tongue are varicose. ⑤ qi-depressed physique: refers to the physique type with dysfunction of internal organs, especially qi-depressed as the basic state. The above-mentioned physique types are classified according to positive deficiency and evil reality, but it is common for certain groups of people, especially women, to have a physique characterized by liver depression and qi stagnation. See introverted personality, few words, depressed, good at thinking about things, difficult to forget, sentimental, sighing and ambiguous, chest and fullness, abdominal distension, or anger and irritability, dry and bitter mouth, etc. 4.Complex constitution is a type of constitution that has more than two abnormal physical qualities as mentioned above. Such as qi deficiency and phlegm-damp body mixed, seen in obese people; qi deficiency and blood stasis body mixed; yang deficiency and yin cold body; qi depression and phlegm-damp body; qi depression and yin deficiency body, etc. 解释 词语解释 词目：体质 拼音：tǐ zhì 英语：physique;constitution 基本解释 Human health condition and adaptability to the outside world. The weak physique forced him to live in the south. Physique Detailed Explanation 1. body and quality; form and texture. The Three Kingdoms Wei Wang Bi “Zhou Yi slightly example・ming lines through change”: “the same sound corresponding, high and low do not have to be even; the same gas, the physique does not have to be the same.” 2, physical quality Ming Hu Yinglin “Shaomuro Shanfang Pen Cong・DanLeiXinRu VIII・ShuFuWei”: “Women wrapped feet …… body dry, fishy filth is very.” 3.Referring to the shape of the body. Tang Su Osprey “Du Yang miscellaneous compilation” volume: “on the good food clams, a day around the party full plate and into, there is broken not cracked. On the suspicion that it is different, is burning incense to wish. The Russian pour from the open, there are two people, the shape of the eyebrows end of the show, the body is all ready.” 4.Refers to the essence; temperament Ming Li Zhi “and Jiao weak marquis book”: “Although this life is not very intelligent, but very impetuous physique, there is the intention of solo.” 5.Physique is the comprehensive quality of the human body. It is a relatively stable feature of the human organism in function and form based on genetic variation and acquired nature. Specific analysis Body mass is the morphological and functional characteristics of the human body on the basis of genetic variation. Specifically, it refers to: 1. the level of physical development: body shape, body posture, nutritional status, etc. 2, the level of physiological and biochemical functions: that is, the metabolic function of the body and the working efficiency of the body’s systems and organs. 3, physical quality and athletic ability: that is, the body in life, labor and sports demonstrated in the strength, speed, endurance, sensitivity, flexibility and other physical qualities and walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, climbing, draping, support and other athletic ability. 4, mental state: including proprioceptive ability, personality, interpersonal relationships, willpower, judgment, etc. 5, adaptability: to the external environment and the ability to resist cold and heat, the ability to resist disease. There are many factors that affect human physique, such as genetics, environment, nutrition, education, physical exercise, health care, lifestyle, etc. Among these factors school education, especially school physical exercise, has an important impact on enhancing students’ physique. Introduction Formed by congenital inheritance and acquired, the human individual in the morphological structure and functional activities inherent, relatively stable characteristics of the temperature and disease strip identification, and psychological character with correlation. The differences in individual constitution are manifested in certain differences in response and adaptation to external stimuli in the physiological state, as well as in susceptibility to certain pathogenic factors in the pathogenesis process and the tendency to disease development. Therefore, the study of constitution can help analyze the occurrence and evolution of diseases and provide a basis for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Although the name of “constitution” has only been introduced in Chinese medicine in recent years, Chinese medicine has been rich in the understanding of human constitution during its development for thousands of years. As early as in the Nei Jing, there are discussions on the formation and classification of body constitution, as well as the relationship between body constitution and disease mechanism and diagnosis and treatment. Later medical works such as “Treatise on Typhoid Fever”, “The Essentials of the Golden Killing”, and “The Discernment of Warm Diseases” also contain the content of constitution. Since the 1970s, the research on constitution in Chinese medicine has been gradually developed, and with the deepening of the research, the focus has shifted from organizing the ancient understanding to social research and clinical application, and combining modern scientific methods and means of physiology, biochemistry, immunity and genetics, the research on constitution in Chinese medicine has become a combination of macroscopic research and microscopic research, and clinical analysis and theoretical discussion. The development prospect of combining clinical analysis with theoretical exploration, and traditional methods with modern methods. Some people even advocate the establishment of a “theory of physical constitution in Chinese medicine” to strengthen and deepen the research in this area. The formation of physical constitution is influenced by many factors such as congenital, age, gender, mental state, living and eating conditions, geographical environment, diseases, physical exercise, and social constitution. Congenital factors, namely endowment, also include certain congenital physiological defects and hereditary idiosyncratic physique. Age is an important factor affecting the physique, the physique with the age of the time frame, such as children’s physique with the internal organs of the delicate, qi and blood is not full but vigorous characteristics, while the elderly have the internal organs of the function of low, increasingly aging characteristics. There are differences between male and female physique, modern physiopathological research and clinical practice found that men are more sensitive than women to severe respiratory infections, central nervous system viral infections, viral gastroenteritis and hepatitis, and have a higher rate of illness. The main reason for this is that women have twice as many genes that produce immunity as men. If long-term mental stimulation or sudden severe trauma exceeds the range of the body’s physiological activities, it will affect the body’s constitution and cause disorders of the body’s yin and yang, qi and blood, and disturbances in the functional activities of the internal organs, leading to the occurrence of disease. Bad character and personality will also have a negative impact on the physique. The composition of the physique also has a clear relationship with different geographical areas, the nature of different soil and water, climate type, living conditions, affecting the physique of people in different regions. It is generally said that in China, people in the north have more Yang deficiency and cold than those in the south; people in the south have more fire and heat and more Yin deficiency. In addition, the living conditions, whether to pay attention to dietary taboos, as well as disease factors, physical exercise, social factors, etc. have a certain impact on the physique. Although external pathogenic factors are constantly attacking the human body, whether the disease can develop depends on the physique. In addition, the specificity of individual physique often leads to susceptibility to certain disease-causing factors or diseases. For example, people prone to cold disease, mostly Yang Qi is weak body; prone to heat disease, mostly Yin Qi is weakened body; physique fat people more phlegm and damp good disease stroke, thin people more fire easy to get labor cough; the elderly kidney gas weakness, more disease phlegm and cough. Physique also affects the nature and return of disease, for example, the same feeling of dampness, the Yang-heat body, the wet from Yang into heat, and “damp-heat”; Yin-cold body, from Yin into cold, and “cold damp”. The reason for this is that the endowment has yin and yang, the internal organs have strength and weakness, the body to the disease-causing factors have turned cold, heat, damp, dry and other different transformation. Of course, the “transformation” phenomenon of the human body to cause disease with the body’s yin and yang bias is relative, because in the process of disease development, the patient’s physique may also be affected by various factors (such as appropriate treatment or not) and change. Identification of “evidence” is the sum of certain obvious and variable pathological characteristics in a particular situation, while “constitution” is the relatively stable physiological characteristics of the body, but there is a close relationship between evidence and constitution. Through the identification of the physical constitution can help to judge the evidence. For example, the physical characteristics of children, for example, children are infantile yin and Yang body, easy to cause disease from the surface into the inside, easy to see cold evidence, but also easy to see hot evidence, and to acute evidence, internal evidence, deficiency evidence for more. And children because of the delicate organs, especially the lungs, spleen and kidneys are often inadequate, so more attention should be paid to the evidence of the lungs, spleen and kidneys. Then, the physical characteristics of fat people with more phlegm and thin people with more fire also provide a reference for clinical diagnosis. It can be seen that by identifying the physical constitution, a more comprehensive and accurate diagnosis can be obtained for the intricate and complex diseases. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is often necessary to classify the body type. There have been various methods of typing, such as “The Twenty-Five Persons of Yin and Yang”, in which various physical forms with different endowments are summarized and further divided into twenty-five physical types according to the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang. However, the current typing method mainly focuses on the following two types: (1) based on physical observation, combination of form and spirit, tongue and pulse, personality type and dietary habits, the seven types are normal, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, phlegm-damp, damp-heat, qi deficiency and blood stasis. ② Based on the macroscopic shape and color characteristics seen clinically, and based on clinical functions, it is divided into normal, obscure, stagnant, hot, cold, tired and tired. There are six types. As for whether and how to unify the typing of body type, it has yet to be studied in clinical practice. Treatment ①Treatment according to the person. The human body has different qualities of strength and weakness, hot and cold, so the clinical treatment must be combined with the patient’s physical constitution and treatment. Physique such as white body fat, is a Yang deficiency physique, this more phlegm damp, if you feel cold damp, non-ginger ginseng Ling can not go; if you feel damp heat will also be sticky difficult to solve, considering its Yang deficiency physique, must pass Yang Qi to transform damp, if too cold is wet closed and Yang more trapped. On the contrary, pale and thin, is a yin deficiency body, internal fire is easy to move, wet from the heat, and hurt the fluid, and yang deficiency body treatment is the opposite. In addition, the age of young and old, male and female differences, living conditions, geographical environment and other physical differences, in the treatment should be paid attention to. ②Different treatment for the same disease and different treatment for the same disease. Due to the difference of physical constitution, even if the same disease is suffered, it can show different types of evidence. On the other hand, even for different pathogenic factors or different diseases, the same or similar pathogenic mechanisms and clinical evidence often appear because the patient’s constitution has some aspects in common, and the same or similar treatment is applied. ③Depending on the constitution, the medicine should be used. For example, it is advisable for Yin deficiency to be sweet and cold, salty and cold and clear, but not pungent and warm, bitter and cold, and avoid spicy diet; Yang deficiency is advisable to benefit from fire and warm, but not bitter and cold; Qi deficiency is advisable to nourish Qi and cultivate Yuan, but not to consume and grind, etc. Indicator system Body mass research to the group as the main object, involving many categories, a wide range of content. Body mass measurement generally includes the following content and indicators. Body mass 1, morphological indicators, height, weight, chest circumference, upper arm circumference, sitting height and body composition (sebum thickness, body fat specific gravity, defatted weight, etc.). 2, functional indicators, quiet heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary function and cardiovascular exercise test, etc. 3, physical fitness indicators, strength indicators (grip strength, back strength, abdominal muscle strength, etc.), explosive strength indicators (vertical jump, standing long jump), draping strength indicators (single bar flexion arm draping), flexibility (standing forward flexion, prone supine body), agility and coordination (repeatedly across), balance (closed-eye monopod standing), endurance program. 4, ability indicators, running (fast running), jumping (long jump in a hurry, high touch), throwing (throwing solid balls, softball throwing, etc.) physical fitness. Chinese people can be divided into nine basic types of physical constitution, i.e. pinghe, qi deficiency, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, phlegm-damp, damp-heat, blood stasis, qi yu and special endowment. The TCM constitution refers to the structural, functional and metabolic peculiarities of the human body based on innate endowment, which are formed during the process of growth, development and aging. Physiological factors have two implications in pathogenesis: first, the specificity of the physique determines the susceptibility to disease-causing factors or certain diseases; second, the physiological factors determine the process of disease development. The calm type is more normal, the qi-deficiency type is often weak, the yin-deficiency type is most afraid of heat, the yang-deficiency type is most afraid of cold, the damp-heat type loves oil, the qi-depression type loves insomnia, the phlegm-damp type is easily obese, the blood-stasis type is easily forgetful, and the special endowment type will be allergic. Peaceful type: normal diet, good sleep, good bowel movement, cheerful personality, and good social and natural adaptability. You should take a moderate approach to daily health, do not eat too much, not too hungry, do not eat cold, and do not eat too hot. Eat more grains and cereals, vegetables and fruits, and eat less greasy and spicy things. Exercise, generally choose a mild exercise, exercise intensity is not too big on. Older people should take a walk or play tai chi. Qi deficiency type, often sweating, shortness of breath, fatigue and weakness, this is the Qi deficiency physique. This kind of person is generally introverted, emotionally unstable, relatively timid, and not adventurous. In fact, Chinese medicine has a concept that medicine and food have the same origin, in Chinese medicine there are many foods that have certain medicinal functions, the diet used, there are often some belong to the medicine, but also belong to the food. For people with qi deficiency type, you can eat some such as soybeans, white lentils, chicken, loach, mushrooms, dates, cinnamon, honey, etc.. After eating these foods have the effect of tonifying the qi and strengthening the spleen, usually avoid eating things such as betel nut, empty cabbage, raw radish, etc. Soft and gentle exercise, walking, tai chi, etc., should not do a large load of physical exertion and sweating exercise. Yin deficiency type If a person is afraid of heat, often feels hot in the heart of the hands and feet, has flushed or reddish cheeks, dry skin, dry mouth, easy insomnia, and often has dry stools, that is Yin deficiency. Most of them are more outgoing and active, and their temperament is more impatient. Eat more sweet and cool nourishing foods, such as lean pork, duck, turtle, turtle, mung beans, winter melon, sesame, lily of the valley, etc. Eat less mutton, dog meat, leek, chili, onion, garlic, sunflower seeds and other warm and dry foods. Keep a certain lunch break at noon. Avoid staying up late, strenuous exercise and working in the heat of the day. It is advisable to abstain from intercourse, because some of our intercourse activities hurt the essence and consume fluid, the same for both men and women. Only suitable for doing small and medium intensity, intermittent physical exercise, you can choose taijiquan, taiji sword, etc.. Exercise to control the amount of sweating, timely hydration. Not suitable for sauna. It is advisable to restrain your emotions, be calm when things go wrong, and treat good times and bad times correctly. You can practice calligraphy, play chess to enjoy yourself, and use travel to send your love to the landscape and cultivate your emotions. Listen to soothing, soft and lyrical music to prevent irritation. Yang deficiency type Even hot summer days, can not stay in the air-conditioned room more, because these people are more afraid of cold. Always have cold hands and feet, and are afraid to eat cold things. The personality is more quiet and introverted. These people are Yang deficiency physique. You can eat more food that is easy to have sweet and warm and beneficial, such as beef, mutton and dog meat, onion, ginger, garlic, pepper, eel, leek, chili, pepper, etc. Eat less cold and cold food, such as cucumber, lotus root, pear, watermelon, etc. Pay attention to keeping warm in autumn and winter, especially under the feet, back and lower abdomen Dantian area to prevent cold and keep warm. Avoid blowing air conditioners and electric fans in summer. You can do some soothing and gentle exercises, such as jogging, walking, playing taijiquan, doing radio exercises. Massage qihai, foot three li, yongquan and other points by yourself, or often moxibustion foot three li, Guan Yuan, can be appropriate sauna, hot spring bath. Talk more with others, usually listen to more rousing, high-pitched, bold music to regulate the mood and get him excited. Damp-Heat Type If you see a person whose face and nose tip are always shiny and oily, and who is also prone to acne and sores, and who smells bad when he opens his mouth, then he has a damp-heat body type. This kind of person is also prone to sticky and unpleasant stools, yellowish and thick urine, and an impatient and irritable personality. Eat a light diet, eat more sweet cold, sweet and flat food, such as mung beans, hollow cabbage, amaranth, celery, cucumber, winter melon, lotus root, watermelon, etc.. Eat less food that is pungent and warm and helps heat. You should quit smoking and alcohol, because they are considered to have warming effects in Chinese medicine. Do not stay up late or work too hard. Reduce outdoor activities in the high summer season when summer heat and humidity are heavy. Suitable for doing large intensity, large amount of exercise, such as long-distance running, swimming, climbing, various ball games, martial arts, etc. The Lin sister in “Dream of the Red Chamber” is a representative of the qi-depressed physique, with a melancholy and fragile personality. This kind of person is generally thin, often sullen, sentimental, loss of appetite, easy to panic, easy to insomnia. Eat more wheat, artemisia stem, onion, garlic, kelp, seaweed, radish, kumquat, hawthorn, etc., because these foods have the effect of moving qi, relieving depression, eliminating food and waking up the mind. Avoid drinking tea, coffee and other refreshing drinks before going to bed. Try to increase outdoor activities, can adhere to a larger number of sports exercise, such as running, hiking, swimming, martial arts, etc.. In addition, this type of people because of the character of some self-contained performance, to often consciously participate in collective sports, more interaction with other people, more friends, with these friends can have a better object of confiding in the bad mood. Phlegm and dampness type heart wide body fat is the biggest feature of this type of people, abdominal flabby obese, oily skin, sweating, puffy eyes, easy to sleepy. Mild and stable personality, good patience. Eat a light diet as a principle, eat less fatty meat and sweet, sticky, greasy food. Eat more onion, garlic, seaweed, kelp, winter melon, radish, kumquat, mustard and other foods. Usually do more outdoor activities. Clothing should be breathable and moisture dispersing, easy to disperse some dampness can be dispersed, often sunbathing or sunbathing. Chinese medicine has some common prescriptions for phlegm-damp type people, which can give you a brief description. For example, use Atractylodes Macrocephala, Atractylodes Macrocephala, Astragalus Membranaceus, Antibiotics, Zedoary, Lotus Leaf, Orange Red, Raw Pu Huang, Raw Rhubarb, and Chicken Nei Jin. With these medicines, it helps to dissolve phlegm and remove dampness. Blood stasis type Gums bleed easily when brushing teeth, eyes often have red filaments, skin is often dry and rough, the general skin tone is dark, body pains often occur, easily irritable, memory is not good, easily forgetful, and impatient temperament. You can eat more black beans, seaweed, kelp, nori, radish, carrot, kumquat, orange, grapefruit, peach, plum, hawthorn, vinegar, rose, green tea, so these substances have the effect of activating blood, dispersing knots, moving qi, dredging the liver and relieving depression, eat less fatty pork, etc. Keep enough sleep, but not too restful. You can do some exercise programs that help promote the flow of qi and blood, such as taijiquan, taiji sword, dance, walking, etc. Health care massage can make the meridians flow smoothly, so as to relieve pain, stabilize emotions and enhance the function of the body. People with blood stasis physique should go to the hospital for examination if they have uncomfortable symptoms such as chest tightness, difficulty in breathing and significantly faster pulse during exercise. Endowment type Normally speaking, there are many people who are allergic to different substances, such as pollen allergy or certain food allergy, which is known as endowment in Chinese medicine. It is mostly due to heredity. It is advisable to have a light and balanced diet, with a proper mix of coarse and fine, and a reasonable mix of meat and vegetables. Foods that are usually prone to allergic reactions should also be avoided, such as fava beans, white lentils, beef, goose, carp, shrimp, crab, eggplant, wine, chili peppers, strong tea, coffee and other spicy products, fishy hair and foods containing allergenic substances. Keep the room clean, bedding, sheets should be washed and dried frequently, indoor decoration should not be moved into the residence immediately, to be put for a period of time, inside some easy to trigger allergies or harmful substances to be put after a period of time, after adequate ventilation can be drained. Try to reduce the time spent outdoors in the spring because there is more pollen at this time of year, which can easily cause allergies.