Chemotherapy is also the main treatment for esophageal cancer, especially for patients in the middle and late stages. Depending on the chemotherapy drugs, different side effects may occur, the most common ones being nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions, including diarrhea and bone marrow suppression. After using high-intensity chemotherapy, esophageal cancer patients will also experience a decrease in white blood cells, platelets and hemoglobin, which is called myelosuppression. Myelosuppression is also classified into many grades, mild, moderate, severe and degree, grade I, II, III and IV. After several cycles of chemotherapy, esophageal cancer patients may experience damage to the esophageal mucosa, resulting in pain or foreign body sensation when eating food, which are all mucosal damages caused by chemotherapy. There may also be damage to liver and kidney function, because chemotherapy drugs are metabolized by the liver and kidneys, and damage to the corresponding organs may occur during the metabolic process. All these side effects are caused by chemotherapy and can be controlled. As long as the side effects are reasonably evaluated and graded, if the side effects are mild to moderate, symptomatic supportive drugs can be used to reduce the side effects. If the side effects are moderate or severe, the dose of chemotherapy should be adjusted in the next cycle of chemotherapy to reduce the dose or adjust the chemotherapy regimen to minimize the toxic side effects caused by chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.