Common surgical methods for early and mid-stage esophageal cancer include the following: 1. Endoscopic surgical treatment: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD) are two important methods for treating early-stage esophageal cancer, another role of endoscopic resection is diagnosis and staging, and the five-year survival rate of early-stage esophageal cancer patients can reach over 90%; 2. The published studies report that the middle three fields of lymph node dissection improve the prognosis than the two fields of dissection, but now also proposed that TV thoracoscopic radical esophageal cancer resection has better short-term quality of life than open surgery.