Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is a general term for all voiding disorders. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPE) and benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) are the most common conditions causing LUTS in older men. The natural course of the disease tends to be slowly progressive, while a small number of patients are at risk of exacerbation, such as the development of acute urinary retention (AUR) or the need for surgical intervention. Not all patients with BPE develop LUTS, and likewise not all patients with LUTS have BPE, such that the relationship between BPH or BPE and LUTS has a complex aspect. Based on the increasing incidence of LUTS and the aging population in all countries, it is inevitable that LUTS will become a widespread condition and one of the most important issues for professionals to face. Overactive bladder (OAB) is now often used to describe LUTS with or without incontinence, which includes urgency, frequency, nocturia, discomfort, dysuria and occasional pain; these symptoms often coexist in addition to pain and incontinence. The term LUTS has been used to replace the traditional delayed use of the terms urinary frequency and urgency syndrome, urethral syndrome, and prostate disease. The updated meaning of OAB includes the previous terms neurogenic bladder, unstable bladder, and uninhibited bladder. The application of OAB allows for a more focused expression of syndromes such as LUTS without reference to a specific etiology.