Any polyp-like lesions protruding from the mucosal surface into the intestinal lumen are called polyps before the pathological nature is determined, and can be classified according to the pathology: adenomatous polyps (including papillary adenomas) are the most common, inflammatory polyps, the result of proliferation of intestinal mucosa stimulated by long-term inflammation, misshapen polyps, others, such as mucosal hypertrophy and hyperplasia to form hyperplastic polyps, lymphoid hyperplasia, carcinoid tissues and other disorders. Clinically, polyps can be single or multiple, and colorectal polyps are more common and have more obvious symptoms. Depending on the severity of symptoms, polyps can be treated with Chinese and Western medicines, colonoscopy, laser, freezing, ligation and transabdominal or transanal methods.
Symptoms of colon polyps]
1, intermittent blood in the stool or blood on the surface of the stool, mostly bright red, resulting in haemorrhage is not uncommon, secondary inflammatory infection can be accompanied by a large amount of mucus or mucus blood stool, there may be urgency, constipation or increased stool, long-tipped or near the anal location of the polyp can be prolapsed out of the anus, but also lead to intestinal overturning prolapse.
2.A few patients may have abdominal stuffiness and discomfort, vague pain or abdominal pain symptoms.
3.Low polyps can be palpated by rectal palpation.
4.Anoscopy, rectoscopy or fiberoptic colonoscopy can show polyps under direct vision.
5.Barium enema can show the filling defect.
Diagnosis of colonic polyps
1.History of blood in stool or mucus-purulent blood in stool.
2.Polyp found by anal examination or colonoscopy.
3.Barium enema can show filling defect.
Treatment of colon polyps
1.Single polyp can be removed and examined at the same time.
2.Multiple polyps or polyps with malignant signs can be biopsied by anal anoscopy to exclude malignant changes.
3.Low or long-tipped prolapsed polyps can be removed by anal speculum, rectoscopy, ligation or direct excision through the anus.
4.Wide based or multiple polyps can be excised through the abdomen, perineum, and caudal part of the intestinal wall.
5, high polyps feasible fiber colonoscopy high-frequency electrosurgery.
6.Polyp with cancer should be radical resection according to the tumor.
The treatment effect of colon polyps]
1.Cure: symptoms disappear, polyps or lesions of intestinal segments removed.
2.Good: symptoms disappear, most polyps are removed but there are still residual polyps or no rebleeding and mucus-purulent stool and polyps are not cut.
3.Unhealed: symptoms exist, polyps are not removed.
Hazards and prevention of colon polyps
Hazards
First, the polyps look like: the kind of small size by the non-tumor polyp with the tip, most of the good people with polyps, generally not easy to malignant change; if the larger size, wide base wide tip of the polyps, there is a strong possibility of malignant change to cancer.
Second, the number of polyps: a simple polyp has a low rate of cancer; and multiple polyps have an increased chance of cancer.
Third, the tissue properties of polyps: simple inflammatory polyps are less likely to become malignant, while adenomatous polyps, especially villous adenoma, are most likely to become colon cancer.
Fourth, the growth rate of polyps: benign polyps mostly grow very slowly, but if they grow rapidly in a short period of time, with a diameter greater than 2 cm or more, they should be alert to cancerous changes. Such as colonic adenomatous polyps is due to excessive proliferation of colonic mucosal cells, the cancer rate can reach 42%-77%.
Fifth, is to look at the family genetic history: there is a so-called “familial polyposis”, refers to the same family in the next generation can have several people suffering from colon polyps, belonging to autosomal dominant genetic disorders, is caused by a defect in the genes of chromosome 5 in the cell. If one of the parents has polyposis, 50% of the polyps in the offspring will have a risk of malignant transformation; if both parents have polyposis, the risk of cancerous polyps in the offspring can rise to 75%.
Prevention
1, aspirin prevention meat female colon polyps: some women have a common genetic gene variant in the body, aspirin can slow down the breakdown of aspirin, these women if they insist on taking aspirin can polyp development enough to reduce the risk of colon. In contrast, in women who do not have this genetic variant
In contrast, in women without this genetic variation, aspirin does not reduce the risk of developing colon polyps.
2. Calcium supplementation helps prevent colon polyps.
Calcium can be very useful in helping humans fight colon polyps and colon cancer, even if the patient has previously suffered from these diseases. One study showed that those who took daily calcium supplements had a 19 to 34 percent lower risk of recurrence of colon polyps. Foods rich in calcium include milk and other dairy products, as well as cauliflower. In addition, vitamin D (which helps the body absorb calcium) has been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. You can get enough vitamin D by consuming some animal liver, egg yolks, fish and dairy products with vitamin D. Sunlight also converts a chemical in the skin into available vitamin D. If you don’t drink milk or get sunlight, you may want to consider taking a “vitamin D+calcium” supplement. If you don’t drink milk or get sun exposure, you may want to consider taking a “vitamin D+calcium” supplement.