What is the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder cancer

  Gallbladder cancer Disease introduction: Gallbladder cancer is a common tumor in the biliary tract system, which is highly malignant, easy to metastasize early, insensitive to chemotherapy drugs and has a poor prognosis. Chronic atrophic cholecystitis, gallbladder stones, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder adenomyosis are all risk factors for the occurrence of gallbladder cancer.  Clinical manifestations: More than 80% of patients combined with gallbladder stones are neglected because they often show similar symptoms with gallbladder stones and cholecystitis. In the late stage, the invasion of bile ducts by cancerous tissues or the compression of bile ducts by metastatic enlarged lymph nodes may cause obstructive jaundice and even cholangitis.  Diagnosis: Diagnosis of gallbladder cancer mainly relies on ultrasound, CT, MRCP and other imaging examinations, and combined with elevated serum tumor marker CA19-9 can generally confirm the diagnosis. Enhanced CT is important to determine the stage of gallbladder cancer and resectability of surgery, and MRI is valuable to determine the extent of tumor invasion of bile duct.  Treatment: Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for gallbladder cancer, and simple cholecystectomy, standard radical treatment of gallbladder cancer or extended radical treatment of gallbladder cancer are chosen according to the TNM stage of the tumor. When the extrahepatic bile duct is involved, extrahepatic bile duct resection should be performed, and when the lesion involves the surrounding organs, expanded clearance surgery should be performed. For patients with advanced gallbladder cancer that cannot be cured and have biliary obstruction, metal stent placement under ERCP or percutaneous extrahepatic bile duct drainage through hepatic puncture is feasible. Radiotherapy can be used as postoperative adjuvant treatment.  Features of our department: The diagnosis and treatment of middle and late stage gallbladder cancer is the specialty of our department. Through preoperative multidisciplinary discussion to formulate a reasonable treatment plan, and intraoperative combined liver and multi-organ resection and expanded lymph node dissection, we have saved the lives of a number of patients with intermediate and advanced gallbladder cancer. A patient with advanced gallbladder cancer, who had a history of gallbladder stones for decades, came to the hospital with duodenal obstruction causing recurrent vomiting and tumor invading the liver, common bile duct, stomach and duodenum, was told by many tertiary hospitals in Shanghai that it was inoperable. The tumor invaded the liver, common bile duct, stomach, duodenum, etc. Many tertiary hospitals in Shanghai told us that it was inoperable. Our department combined with the imaging department, gastroenterology department and pathology department for preoperative multidisciplinary discussion and performed a combined hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy for the patient, in which the right half of the liver, head of the pancreas, duodenum, lower bile duct, gallbladder and part of the stomach were removed as a whole.