1.Definition of acute alcohol poisoning.
Acute alcohol intoxication (acute, alcohol, intoxication) is a state of central nervous system dysfunction that occurs due to the ingestion of large amounts of alcohol or alcoholic beverages for a short period of time, mostly showing abnormal behavior and consciousness, and in severe cases damaging organ function, leading to respiratory and circulatory failure and thus endangering life, also known as acute ethanol intoxication (acute, ethanol This is also called acute ethanol intoxication (acute, ethanol, intoxication).
2. Diagnosis of acute alcohol poisoning.
(1), acute alcohol poisoning can be clinically diagnosed with the following two points.
I. A clear history of excessive alcohol or alcoholic beverage intake.
(II), exhaled gas or vomit with alcohol odor and one of the following: (I) manifest irritability, polyphonic or silent, incoherent speech, emotional instability, rude or aggressive behavior, nausea, vomiting, etc.; (II) sensory dullness, uncoordinated muscle movements, agitation, unsteady gait, obvious ataxia, nystagmus, diplopia; (III), deeper disturbance of consciousness such as lethargy, shallow coma, deep coma, weakened neurological reflexes pale face, wet and cold skin, decreased body temperature, increased or decreased blood pressure, abnormal respiratory rhythm or frequency, accelerated or slowed heartbeat, and diaphoresis.
(2), clinically confirmed acute alcohol intoxication: blood or exhaled gas alcohol detection ethanol concentration ≥ 11, mmol/L (50ms/dL) on the basis of (1).
(3), degree of acute alcohol intoxication clinical classification.
Mild (simple intoxication): neurological manifestations of emotional and verbal excitement state only, such as incoherent speech but not aggressive behavior, able to walk but with mild motor incoordination, drowsiness can be awakened, simple replies are basically correct, and normal neurological reflexes exist.
Moderate: Those with one of the following are considered moderate alcohol intoxication.
①In a state of drowsiness or coma or Glasgow coma score greater than 5 points less than or equal to 8 points.
(2) Manic or aggressive behavior that cannot be relieved by language or psychological guidance.
(③) Severe ataxia with confusion and diminished neurological reflexes.
④Have delusional hallucinations or convulsive episodes.
⑤Blood biochemical tests with one of the following manifestations of metabolic disorders such as acidosis, hypokalemia, hypoglycemia.
(6) The manifestation of obvious impairment of organ function on top of mild intoxication such as arrhythmia related to alcoholism (frequent premature beats, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, etc.), manifestation of myocardial damage (ST-T abnormalities, myocardial enzymology more than 2 times elevated) or upper gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, etc.
Severe: Severe alcoholism is defined as having one of the following.
①In a coma Glasgow score equal to less than 5 points.
② appearing microcirculatory perfusion deficiency performance, such as pale face, wet and cold skin, slightly purple lips, accelerated heart rate, weak or non-palpable pulse, compensatory increase or decrease in blood pressure (less than 90/60, mmHg or systolic blood pressure decreased by more than 30, mmHg compared to the basal blood pressure, 1mmHg = 0.133, kPa), coma with loss of compensatory clinical manifestations of shock is also called very severe.
③ Those who have one of the serious manifestations of metabolic disorders such as acidosis (pH≤7.2), hypokalemia (serum potassium≤2.5, mmol/L), hypoglycemia (blood glucose≤2.5, mmol/L).
④The presence of acute functional insufficiency of important organs such as heart, liver, kidney and lung.