I. Stress and maladaptive reactions
(1) Stress: Stress is a reaction caused by an unexpected dangerous or stressful situation. Stressful events are things that are quite dangerous or serious for people in general, such as the death of a relative, failure in an examination, separation of family members, setbacks, unexpected blows, incurable diseases, humiliation, theft, fire, natural or man-made disasters, war situations, etc. are all stressful events. When these sudden events occur in front of people, they can cause a series of psychological and physical reactions, resulting in psychological and behavioral abnormalities. In mild cases, the symptoms are emotional tension, sensory allergy, panic, fatigue and weakness; in severe cases, depression, fear, anxiety, rigidity, forgetfulness, and vegetative nervous disorders (such as palpitations, excessive sweating, anorexia, nausea, urinary urgency, tremors, etc.); in more severe cases, limb paralysis, blindness, and even shock or death.
(2) Adverse effects of adaptation: Adverse effects of adaptation are caused by various mental stimuli and last for a long time. The nature and intensity of the effect varies from person to person. Under the same situational stimuli, some people adapt quickly, some people adapt slowly, and some people can not adapt at all, resulting in maladaptation. Maladaptation, which varies from person to person, is dominated by mood disorders, manifesting as depression, grief, worry, anxiety, fear, etc.; some people are dominated by behavioral disorders, leading to aggressive and antisocial behavior.
Second, mild mental illness
Neurosis neurosis, also known as neurosis, is a psychological disorder or abnormality caused by temporary dysfunctional brain activity. It is characterized by persistent psychological conflicts, mainly manifested as reduced mental activity, such as inattention, memory loss, reduced learning and work efficiency, etc.; mood disorders, manifested as mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, etc., sleep disorders, such as insomnia, nightmares, early awakening, etc.; suspicious compulsive ideas, a variety of obvious somatic maladjustment, chronic pain, acute headache, back pain, but the examination does not There is no organic pathology.
Neurological disorders include six types of disorders.
1, neurasthenia: manifested as symptoms of increased excitability, accelerated symptoms of fatigue process, plant nerve dysfunction, etc.
2, anxiety disorders: anxiety is the main emotion, and accompanied by significant plant nerve dysfunction and motor restlessness.
3, hysteria (hysteria): this disease has a rapid onset and can show a variety of symptoms, including disorders of sensory and motor mechanisms, dysfunction of the vegetative nerves of internal organs and psychological abnormalities, often with a variety of different reactions such as convulsions, headache, chest tightness, distress, aggression, limb tremors, blinking, head shaking, facial muscle twitching or motor paralysis.
4, obsessive-compulsive neurosis: it is a kind of neurosis mainly manifested by compulsive ideas and compulsive actions. Often compulsive concepts include: compulsive doubts, compulsive memories, compulsive thoughts, and compulsive oppositional thoughts; compulsive intentions and actions include: compulsive intentions, compulsive hand washing, compulsive calculations, and compulsive ritual actions.
5, phobia: refers to a very strong sense of terror of certain things or special situations. There are often.
① social terror
② wilderness terror
③ animal terror
④ disease terror, in addition, there are unclean terror, dark terror and thunderstorm terror and so on.
6, depressive neurosis: manifested as depressed mood, depression, sullen all day, self-blame, poor sleep, lack of appetite, usually after the onset of mental stimulation, appear difficult to resolve the depressed state of mind, no joy in life, loss of hope for the future, think they are useless, there will be chest tightness, fatigue, pain and other symptoms, serious will appear suicidal ideas or behavior.
III. Psychosomatic disorders
Psychosomatic diseases, also known as psychosomatic disorders, are somatic dysfunction or organic damage induced by psychosocial factors. The onset of the disease is not only physical abnormalities, but also psychological and behavioral abnormalities. For example, primary hypertension, coronary heart and arrhythmia, intestinal ulcer and bronchial asthma, hyperthyroidism, diabetes and menstrual disorders, impotence, neurodermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.
Fourth, the brain disease and physical defects of the performance of mental illness
There are three different types of these diseases.
1, mental abnormalities manifested when the brain is not fully developed, such as intellectual backwardness, mental retardation, etc.
2.Psychological disorders arising from organic brain lesions such as concussion, cerebral contusion, cerebral arteriosclerosis, poisoning or toxic bacteria or viral infection may cause organic brain damage, resulting in mental retardation, amnesia, personality abnormalities, etc.
3.Psychological abnormalities occurring when physical defects such as blindness, deafness, mute, lameness, etc.
V. Serious mental illness
Psychosis refers to the disintegration of the entire mental function of a person, and the coordination of all aspects of mental activity is severely damaged, and the relationship between the body and the surrounding environment is also severely dysfunctional. The main psychiatric disorders are schizophrenia and manic-depressive disorder. Schizophrenia is characterized by a change in the basic personality of the patient and a split in perception, thinking, emotion and behavior. Manic-depressive disorder is characterized by clinical manifestations of primary affective mood disorder. During manic episodes, speech is significantly increased, association is accelerated, ideas drift, attention is not focused, mood is extremely high, energy is very high, self-evaluation is too high, and behavior is rash; during depressive episodes, speech is significantly reduced, perception is dulled, association is difficult, thinking is slow, mood is low, and even thoughts of lightness of life appear.
Main triggers
I. Overload of work pressure
Many urban white-collar workers are trapped by high-intensity work pressure, and are in a highly stressful state for a long time, and often do not get timely conditioning, over time will produce anxiety, depression and other symptoms, or induce psychological disorders or mental illness.
Second, the feelings and family changes
Lost love is undoubtedly a very painful emotional experience, lost love of a party will be difficult to part with the feelings of pain, the sense of loss will aggravate the degree of psychological imbalance, some people therefore produce psychological disorders and even irrational excesses, causing irreparable harm to each other and themselves.
In addition, for the damaged party after divorce, especially women, often can not withstand the blow of family disintegration, resulting in psychological damage. A related survey shows that about 70% of the divorced people in China feel excessive psychological pressure, and this group is in great need of psychological support and help.
Third, the psychology of dependence on the network
The new generation of the network several diseases appropriate Internet access is beneficial, but a lot of time every day to go online, or on some unhealthy sites, is very likely to induce mental illness. Such as long-term Internet chatting, games, online dating, it is very likely that the Internet users due to long-term virtual state and affect their normal cognitive, emotional and psychological positioning, serious cases may even occur split personality.
Fourth, living in poverty aggravates the psychological pressure
This group is mainly laid-off workers and poor students in colleges and universities. Some laid-off workers have difficulty in converting their ideas for a while, and they do not care about jobs such as home economics and construction, thus forming an embarrassing situation of “not being able to get high and not being able to get low”. The dual effect of psychological pressure and life pressure will easily lead to psychological disorders and even family break-up.
For some poor students who have entered higher education, on the one hand, they are in a difficult economic situation, and on the other hand, they are vain, which will aggravate the ambivalence and increase the probability of these poor students’ psychological disorders.
V. The psychological tendency of quick success and quick profit: easy to get depression after promotion and buying a house
Some people have a tendency to pursue their careers in a hurry, and they often cannot withstand the blow of failure. Because they have high expectations of success, and do not want to spend too much effort, always want to win big with little, hoping to get twice the result with half the effort. But reality often does not change because of the subjective will of people, of course, it is easy to disappoint, lost. Some people are anxious to achieve and desperately work, constantly self-imposed pressure, always demanding themselves, the result is often due to the heart but not enough to lead to failure, and induce depression, autism and other psychological disorders.
Sixth, the study task is too heavy how to adjust the mindset of the college entrance examination is not satisfactory
Students face endless books and review materials every day, facing the ardent expectations of parents and teachers, deeply overwhelmed. At present, whether primary school students, secondary school students or university students, there are few people suffering from various degrees of psychological disorders. The main psychological symptoms caused by exam stress are: slow reaction, restlessness, fear of learning, depression and anorexia.
Seven, overindulgence only child
The seven unhealthy psychology of teenage boys and girls growing up in the spoiled children, in addition to the development of capricious, selfish and other bad habits, but also often manifested as withdrawn personality, poor frustration tolerance, social fear and even violent tendencies. Parental indulgence can cause psychological foci in children, this potential crisis is like a time bomb, the lethality of the detonation is huge.
VIII. Unable to bear after investment damage
People’s investment awareness is growing, but when long-term investment does not get the expected return or serious loss of capital, it inevitably causes people’s psychological imbalance. A strong sense of frustration, violent mood swings, the loss of a large amount of money, is very likely to destroy a person’s psychological defense, some people even lightly as a result.
Nine, it is difficult to adapt to social development
Modern society is developing rapidly and changing rapidly, but some people have difficulty adapting for various reasons. This non-adaptation includes many aspects: the social injustice is not used to, and because of their inability to change the status quo and depressed, irritable; the uneven distribution of the unit is not used to, for their own low pay and indignation; because of the pale of faith and a sense of loss, no sense of belonging; because of personal skills and the gap between modernization and anxious, helpless, etc.. All these can lead to “heart disease”.