(I) Preoperative
1.Assist in relevant laboratory tests, such as blood sampling for T3 and T4, to exclude hyperthyroidism.
2.Train the surgical position three days before surgery to adapt to the surgery. Method: Pillow pad under the shoulder, head tilted back, elevate the head of the bed by 5 to 10 degrees, practice from short to long until you can hold it for 2 hours.
(II) Postoperative
1. Take a semi-recumbent position after the condition is stabilized. It is conducive to breathing and drainage of incisional exudate. Protect the neck when changing position: when sitting up from the bed or bending the total neck or moving the neck, put your hand behind the neck to support the weight of the head. This can usually be done the day after surgery. After the wound heals (2-4 days after surgery), nodding, head tilting, stretching and rotating the neck from side to side, doing full neck joint movements (flexion, hyperextension, lateral movement) can be practiced daily. Xiao Wei, Department of General Surgery, Rui Kang Hospital, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
3.You can enter warm and cool liquid food on the day after surgery to avoid causing vasodilation of the neck. Semi-liquid food is allowed 2-3 days after surgery, if choking and coughing occurs, food is suspended.
4, the day after surgery should be bed rest, less speech, avoid violent rotation of the neck to prevent induced wound bleeding; the first day after surgery can leave the bed activities, after the removal of the wound drainage tube, you can make the neck small amplitude activities, also can be used to massage the relaxation of the neck, to prevent the neck muscle fatigue
(c) Postoperative precautions.
(1) After the patient is fully awake from surgical pain relief, it is best to take a semi-sitting position in order to facilitate breathing and drainage of the incision. If the patient suffocates, it may be due to blockage of the drainage tube, and the blood cannot drain and compress the trachea. If a large amount of fresh blood (200m1 or more) is found to drain, it is also an abnormal condition and should be handled by a doctor or nurse immediately.
(2) Pay attention to the condition of breathing and help or encourage the patient to cough up sputum so that mucous sputum will not be retained in the trachea and cause respiratory tract infection. In addition, if the thyroid’ mass is large before surgery and squeezes the trachea for a long time, resulting in the loss of support by softening of tracheal cartilage, causing tracheal collapse and sputum obstruction, the patient will have difficulty in breathing or even suffocation in a short time. At this time, tracheotomy should be performed immediately.
(3) Pay attention to eating water, the day after surgery or the next day, should drink warm and cool boiled water and liquid diet is appropriate. When eating, ask to take a sitting or semi-sitting position, chew and swallow slowly to prevent choking and coughing or aspiration into the trachea.
(4) Within 4 hours after surgery, attention should be paid to the presence of hyperthermia, panic, excessive sweating, vomiting, and even diarrhea, and the presence of pins and needles and numbness around the face, mouth, lips, and hands and feet. If any of the above conditions should be immediately notified to doctors and nurses for treatment.
(5) If you are taking iodized oil before surgery, you should continue to take it after surgery and should not stop taking it suddenly. After surgery, start decreasing one drop three times a day from 15 drops until it is reduced to three drops.
(6) After the healing of the incision after surgery, attention should be paid to the straightening of the neck to prevent scar contraction, which may affect the aesthetics, and regular follow-up and medication should be taken according to the condition.
(D) Diet after thyroid surgery
(1) It is advisable to eat more food with high iodine content, such as kelp, nori, hairy vegetables, light vegetables, dried shellfish, razor clams, jellyfish, sea cucumber, lobster, scallops, mackerel, fish maw, ark, clam and turtle.
(2) After thyroid surgery, it is advisable to eat more foods that have the effect of eliminating swelling, including ling, taro, rape, mustard, kiwi.
(3) It is advisable to eat more foods with immunity enhancing effects: shiitake mushrooms, mushrooms, fungus, walnuts, barley, red dates, yams.
Avoid.
1, avoid smoking and alcohol.
2, after thyroid surgery diet avoid spicy stimulating food, such as onion, garlic, pepper, chili pepper, cinnamon, ginger, etc.
3, avoid fatty, greasy, fried food.