Thyroid tumors are benign or malignant tumors that occur in the thyroid gland. If it is a benign tumor, without any symptoms and small in size, it can be temporarily observed without surgery. If it is a malignant tumor, surgery is mostly required. For tumors with diameter below 2-3cm, if there are no obvious symptoms and the ultrasound classification is below grade IV, they are considered as benign lesions and do not need surgery for the time being, and regular review is sufficient. Benign tumors larger than 4cm in diameter with pressure symptoms or those located behind the sternum need surgery. Malignant thyroid tumors need to be treated by surgery in a timely manner at a hospital for nail and breast surgery or general surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Improper treatment may lead to its higher recurrence rate. Patients with thyroid tumors should try to avoid radiation exposure to the neck on a daily basis, avoid taking drugs that affect the metabolism of thyroxine in the body at will, and apply prescription drugs with caution, while they should have regular medical checkups and receive timely treatment to avoid deterioration of their condition.