Current adolescent mental health problems manifest in various forms, mainly in the form of learning difficulties, test anxiety, difficulty coping with setbacks, adolescent sexual distortions, emotional instability, loss of control of self, low psychological tolerance, weak will, lack of self-confidence, memory loss, inattention, poor thinking, unstable academic performance, and in the behavior of fighting, cursing, lying, test fraud, They may be anxious to learn, truant from school, and in serious cases, they may injure themselves or others. When these psychological problems are more serious, they may become psychological crisis.
I. Psychological problems and causes
1, personality development problems DD independence is not enough, too much dependence, introversion, poor resilience.
Personality is the sum of individual psychological characteristics, which reflects a person’s psychological nature, but also the basis for a variety of mental symptoms and reflections. Inadequate personality development can lead to personality disorders, which are more serious psychological problems characterized by personality structure and personality traits deviating from normal people. In the current adolescent personality disorders, dependent personality and schizoid personality are more common. Dependent personality disorders are characterized by a lack of independence, a lack of self-reliance, a lack of initiative, a lack of control over things, and a passive position in dealing with interpersonal relationships. In general, the dependent personality begins in early childhood and becomes more pronounced after adolescence. This personality trait is mainly due to the over-protective, over-substituting and over-inclusive parenting style of the child. The split personality is characterized by introversion, isolation and timidity, lack of interaction with others, poor resilience, poor social adaptability, and often unable to adapt to new environments.
2.Psychosexual problems in adolescence
Relevant information shows that the puberty of Chinese children is coming earlier and earlier. With the improvement of nutritional level and the change of nutritional status, there is a tendency for the sexual physiology of adolescents to be more and more advanced. According to a survey in Beijing, the age of first ejaculation for boys in Beijing has advanced from an average of 16.6 years in the 1960s to 13.7 years in the 1990s, and the age of first menstruation for girls has advanced from 14.5 years in the 1960s to 12.2 years in the 1990s. The conflict between earlier physical development and a relatively later trend of psychosexual maturation has brought about many adolescent psychological problems. For example, the closed psychology of adolescence, whose main manifestation is the tendency to close the external manifestation of the blockade and the increasingly rich and complex internal activities coexist in the same body, can be said that the closed psychology is a universal and special sign of the psychology of adolescence.
At the same time, the dramatic physiological changes during adolescence are bound to cause emotional turmoil in adolescents. This turbulent emotion is sometimes revealed and sometimes hidden, but although they are excited, happy or distressed, depressed and seem to be calm on the surface; they have something to say and secrets they want to confide in others, but they are silent whether they meet their parents or teachers, if this situation is not understood, there will be a repressed psychology, anxiety and depression.
3. Mindset problems
Idealization (high expectations), lack of psychological preparation to face setbacks, psychological vulnerability, poor social adaptability, self-centeredness, excessive narcissism
4, emotional class problems DDD inferiority complex
According to a survey of 7050 secondary school students conducted by Wang Jisheng, a researcher at the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 44.1% of the students were “cold and hot to classmates”, 35.8% were “sometimes close to teachers, sometimes distant”. 73% of the respondents were in “high and low moods when doing homework”, 81.9% of the respondents were in “high and low moods when studying”, 71.2% of the respondents were in “good and bad moods”, and 71.2% of the respondents were in “high and low moods when doing homework”. The percentage of those who are “sometimes warm and sometimes cold to their parents” is 32.8%. These figures are living proof of the emotional instability of today’s youth. Emotional instability is mainly caused by the immaturity of psychological development, and parents’ personality traits, parenting style, and teachers’ treatment of children also have an impact on children’s emotional stability.
5.Interpersonal relationship problems
The interpersonal relationships of adolescents mainly include parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship.
It is more common that the relationship with parents is not handled properly, thus causing bad psychological reactions in adolescents. When children are small, the conflict between parents and children is not prominent. However, as the child grows and the parents get older, communication between the two becomes more and more difficult. Especially when the children are in adolescence and the parents are in menopause, the problem is more prominent, with some children becoming depressed and depressed, and some children becoming strongly rebellious.
② The psychological impact of improperly handled teacher-student relationships on children is self-evident. The main problem is the confrontation psychology caused by teachers’ lack of understanding and distrust of students, as well as the depression psychology caused by teachers’ cognitive bias and other situations, aggressive behavior, etc. If teachers lack understanding, patience and love, and cannot give guidance and help with enthusiasm, but instead accuse across the board, students will be disappointed. What’s more, if the teacher lacks respect for the student, the bad attitude of arbitrarily devaluing the child can cause serious psychological trauma to the child.
③Friendship and getting along with classmates can directly affect the quality of college students’ academic life. Everyone wants to have the sense of belonging to be accepted in classmates and seek the understanding and trust of classmates and friends. If the relationship with classmates is not cordial, or even tense, some students will show their loneliness.
6.Study problems
Learning problems account for most of the current psychological problems of adolescents.
Although the education department has been vigorously promoting quality education in recent years, the shadow of exam-oriented education has been plaguing the majority of teenagers, coupled with the parents’ psychology of expecting their children to become a dragon and their high expectations of their children, so that the teenagers are under tremendous pressure to study. According to the survey, 34% of the interviewed secondary school students said that they sometimes “want to cry because of too much homework”; 58% of the surveyed students said that “their parents are not satisfied with their grades”. According to the survey, 45% of the interviewed secondary school students feel that the current study pressure is too great, nearly half of them often worry that their academic performance will not meet their parents’ expectations and they will be blamed, and 57% of the secondary school students are worried that “their examination results are directly related to their fate and future”. The increasing psychological pressure on young students causes mental depression, which leads to loss of appetite, insomnia, neurasthenia, memory loss, slow thinking, and many other symptoms.
Anxiety is also a harmful emotion that college students often need to face. Test anxiety is a prominent part of adolescent learning psychological problems. Most people have test anxiety, but only in varying degrees of severity. Test anxiety can cause a number of physical disorders, most commonly headaches, dizziness, poor sleep, and poor eating. People who have severe test anxiety often fidget and are distracted before the test. If there is often severe test anxiety, it may lead to the formation of the child’s timid, nervous, restless personality psychological characteristics
Second, self-correction, out of the psychological dilemma
1, re-soldier personality.
① Focus on emotional intelligence (comprehension, understanding, adaptability) training.
②Proactive adaptation to the environment (social). Participate in a diverse campus life, join life-enriching clubs, and bravely participate in various social practice activities. In particular, you should communicate and exchange fully with various groups of different categories, and understand the living conditions of people other than yourself.
③ Abide by public morals and have high ideals (love life and love groups)
2.Adjustment of mentality: cultivating gratitude and establishing a sunny mentality
3.Learn to be a human being: quality-from self-interest not to harm others to grow to benefit others and self-interest, attitude – tolerance: to build a harmonious interpersonal relationship
4, rebuild self-confidence: self-reliance and self-improvement, live for themselves, do not care about others agree! Cultivate the right self-confidence. Overconfidence brought about by excessive expectations and extreme lack of self-confidence low self-esteem are the premise of psychological disorders. College students should be realistic and cultivate a healthy and positive self-confidence.
5.Adjustment of learning goals: to enhance the ability of the main, master the method, improve the performance of the second, master the knowledge of the second!
6, self-regulation: open your heart to a close friend, relative or psychiatrist to vent your depression. In learning to self-regulate, in psychology we call it “self-rationalization”. That is to say, a little more Q spirit, good at rationalizing the environment with a variety of reasons, to minimize frustration, to relieve the external environment to bring the pressure of the self. However, their own awareness is not as good as confiding in people, confiding in people is not as good as looking for psychologists to help.
7, psychological disorders, the need for psychotherapy and drug treatment
Mental illness early diagnosis and treatment, out of the fog to see the blue sky. Some people believe that heart disease is not a disease, that there is a problem to see a psychiatrist shame; these ideas must be removed. Remove these concepts, perhaps when you have serious psychological disorders or suicidal ideation, criminal impulses will take the initiative to seek medical help to reduce the loss of health or life.