Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitic inflammatory disease that is characterized by fever, rash, conjunctival congestion and non-purulent enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes. If left untreated, about 20% of children will develop coronary artery damage, which is the most common cause of acquired heart disease. Kawasaki disease is more common in infants and children, mostly within 5 years of age, and more in boys than girls. The disease is a rheumatic immune disease in children and is not an infectious disease. The etiology of the disease is unclear, and it is speculated that it may be related to infections, including rickettsia, staphylococcus, streptococcus, retrovirus, and mycoplasma. For the pathogenesis, factors such as hyperimmunity, superantigens or heat shock proteins are considered to be involved. The invasion of inflammatory cells into vascular tissues leading to vascular damage, especially in coronary arteries, can lead to the formation of aneurysm, which is an immune response and not an infectious disease. Japanese studies have demonstrated an increased risk of Kawasaki disease in siblings, often occurring within a week of the onset of the source case. The exact pathogenesis is unknown and may be related to autoimmunity due to infection with the same pathogen. Because the etiology of the disease is unknown, there are no specific preventive measures to address the cause. When Kawasaki disease is clinically diagnosed, it is important to treat it as early as possible to prevent coronary artery lesions.