The liver is located roughly in the upper right side of the human abdomen, mostly hidden under the right diaphragm, as well as on the deep side of the ribs. A large area of liver tissue is covered by the rib arch, which can serve to protect the liver, with only a portion exposed between the right rib arch in the supra-abdominal region and a small portion across the midline of the abdomen in the large left upper abdomen. The lower edge of the liver is sometimes palpated by the physician during palpation of the liver. The diaphragmatic and anterior sides of the liver are ligated by the left and right triangular ligaments, coronary ligaments, sickle ligaments, and hepatic round ligaments, which anchor it to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall, respectively; the visceral side is ligated by the hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament. Typically, when hepatobiliary disease is present, it will manifest as pain in the right upper abdomen, and in some cases it can also radiate to the right shoulder area; for example, a liver abscess will also have percussion pain in the right lower chest. Some diseases can also lead to right-sided reactive pleurisy or pleural effusion. When the liver is enlarged due to the disease, it is usually 5-10 cm below the rib cage, and in some cases it may reach below the umbilical level. Also, the liver can be more difficult to examine when there is a large amount of ascites or hemoperitoneum and extensive peritoneal metastases in the abdomen. In addition, the portal vein, hepatic artery and common hepatic duct travel within the first hepatic hilar. Due to the complex arteriovenous system, when hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis occurs, it can invade the intrahepatic portal vein leading to intrahepatic dissemination, and invade the hepatic vein can spread to the lung and other parts of the body. As mentioned above, most of the liver is located in the right upper abdomen and a small part is located in the left upper abdomen, therefore, many liver diseases may cause pain in the right upper abdomen, but pain in the right upper abdomen does not necessarily mean liver disease, and medical consultation is needed to clarify the diagnosis.