Neonatal sepsis is a serious infectious disease of the neonatal period that can be combined with neurological complications, such as severe sequelae of chemoencephalitis, such as epilepsy, delayed motor and speech development, or impaired audiovisual function. Short-term sepsis can cause multiple organ damage, such as pulmonary infection and osteomyelitis, and the short-term sequelae are mainly manifested by multiple organ damage, such as pulmonary infection, respiratory distress and hypoxia. The most serious sequelae are subdural effusion, epilepsy, visual impairment, hearing impairment, and motor dysfunction. The long-term sequelae of neonatal sepsis are mainly neurological sequelae, such as the combination of chemoencephalitis, which may cause hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, and subdural effusion. If the treatment is not standardized or the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria is not effective, it may produce visual impairment, hearing impairment, as well as language, motor and intellectual development backward, causing different degrees of damage. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat children with infections as early as possible to minimize the sequelae.