In general, mentally healthy people are able to treat themselves well, treat others well, adapt to their environment, have normal emotions and a harmonious personality. Mentally healthy people are not free from pain and worries, but they are able to free themselves from pain and worries in a timely manner and actively seek new ways to change the unfavorable status quo. They can deeply appreciate the seriousness and inevitability of life’s conflicts, and can also deeply appreciate the yin and yang of human nature, good and evil.
They are those who can freely and moderately express and express their individuality, and live in harmony with their environment. They are good at continuous learning, using various resources and constantly enriching themselves. They also enjoy a good life and understand the truth of contentment. They don’t try to take the bull by the horns, but are good at seeing things from a different perspective. Mentally healthy people have a good life.
Introduction
Psychologists believe that a person’s mental health includes the following seven aspects: normal intelligence, emotional health, sound will, coordinated behavior, adaptable interpersonal relationships, moderate reactions, and age-appropriate psychological characteristics. Understanding what mental health is is important for enhancing and maintaining people’s overall health. People grasp the criteria of human health and use it as a basis for self-diagnosis of mental health against themselves.
If one or several aspects of one’s psychological condition are found to be at a certain distance from the psychological health standards, one should strengthen psychological exercises in a targeted manner in order to reach the level of psychological health. If you find that your mental state deviates from the mental health standards, you should seek medical help in time for early diagnosis and early treatment.
Specific Criteria
Psychologists describe the criteria for mental health as follows.
① A moderate sense of security, self-esteem, and a sense of value for one’s own accomplishments.
② Moderate self-criticism, not over-aggrandizing oneself nor over-criticizing oneself.
③Has a moderate degree of initiative in daily life and is not swayed by circumstances.
④Reasonable, realistic, objective, in good touch with reality, able to tolerate the blow of frustration in life, without excessive illusions.
⑤ Moderate acceptance of personal needs and the ability to meet such needs.
(6) Have self-awareness, understand one’s own motives and purposes, and be able to make an objective estimate of one’s own abilities.
(7) Can maintain the integrity and harmony of one’s personality, and one’s values can be adapted to the standards of society, and one can concentrate on one’s work.
⑧ Have realistic goals in life.
⑨ has the ability to learn from experience and can adapt to the needs of the environment to change themselves.
⑩Have good interpersonal relationships and the ability to love people and be loved. The ability to maintain one’s individuality without violating social standards, neither overly flattering nor overly seeking social approval, having a personal and independent opinion, and having standards for judging right and wrong.
The Ten Standards
The ten criteria of mental health proposed by American psychologists Maslow and Mitelman are recognized as the “most classic criteria”.
(1) Adequate sense of security
(2) Adequate knowledge of oneself and an appropriate valuation of one’s abilities
(3) Realistic goals in life
(4) Maintain contact with the reality of the environment
(5) The ability to maintain integrity and harmony of personality
(6) The ability to learn from experience
(7) Ability to maintain good interpersonal relationships
(8) Moderate emotional expression and control
(9) Appropriate satisfaction of basic personal needs without violating social norms
(10) To give better play to one’s personality under the premise of collective requirements
Health Standards
Adolescence standards
According to the characteristics of the mental activities of our adolescent children, they should have the following six psychological qualities to achieve mental health:
I. Normal intellectual development, that is, the individual’s level of intellectual development is commensurate with his or her actual age.
Second, stable emotions. Although there may be sadness, confusion, failure, frustration, etc., but it will not last long.
C. Able to correctly understand themselves, clear about the value of their existence, have their own ideals, full of confidence in the future.
4. Have good interpersonal relationships. Respect and understand others, learn from others’ strengths, and get along with others in a friendly and tolerant manner.
V. Stable and coordinated personality, able to effectively control and regulate their own personality tendencies and psychological characteristics.
Sixth, love life, can give full play to their potential in all aspects, and do not lose confidence in life because of setbacks and failures.
Criteria for the elderly
What kind of psychological state is considered healthy for the elderly? Scholars have developed 10 criteria for mental health.
A. Adequate sense of security. A sense of security requires multi-level environmental conditions, such as: social environment, natural environment, work environment, family environment, etc., among which the family environment has the most important impact on the sense of security. Home is a harbor to escape the storm, with a home to have a sense of security.
Second, fully understand themselves. It means that you can objectively analyze your own ability and make the right judgment. Whether you can make an objective and correct judgment of their own abilities, have a great impact on their emotions. Such as too high estimate of their own ability, reluctant to do more than their own ability, often will not get the expected results in the imagination, and their spirit suffered a blow of failure; too low estimate of their own ability, self-evaluation is too low, lack of self-confidence, often produce depression.
Third, life goals realistic. To develop life goals according to their own financial ability, family conditions and the corresponding social environment. The formulation of life goals should be realistic, but also leave room for error, do not exceed the scope of their own and family financial capacity. Laozi, the founder of Taoism, said, “There is no greater joy than to be free from worry, and no greater wealth than to be content.”
Fourth, keep in touch with the outside environment. This can enrich their spiritual life, on the other hand, you can adjust their behavior in time to better adapt to the environment. Keeping in touch with the outside environment includes three aspects, namely, contact with nature, society and people. Older people are retired at home and have too much free time, which often produces depression or anxiety. Today’s senior activity centers, senior cultural activity stations and senior universities provide conditions for seniors to be in contact with the outside environment.
Fifth, maintain the integrity and harmony of personality. Each psychological characteristic of personality such as ability, interest, character and temperament must be harmonious and unified in order to experience happiness and satisfaction in life. For example, if a person is very capable, but not interested in the work he is doing, and not suitable for his personality, so he may not be able to experience a sense of success and satisfaction. On the contrary, if he is interested in his work, but his ability is very poor, and he is not capable of doing it, he will also feel annoyed.
Sixth, with a certain ability to learn. In modern society, in order to adapt to a new way of life, it is necessary to continue to learn. For example, if you don’t learn computer, you can’t experience the fun of surfing the Internet; if you don’t learn new concepts of health, you will make your life still stay at the level of food and clothing. Learning can exercise the memory and thinking ability of the elderly, which is beneficial to the prevention of diminished brain function and dementia.
Seven, maintain good interpersonal relationships. The formation of interpersonal relationships includes three psychological factors: cognitive, emotional and behavioral. The emotional aspect of the connection is the main feature of interpersonal relationships. In interpersonal relationships, there are positive positive relationships and negative negative relationships, and the coordination of interpersonal relationships has a great impact on the psychological health of people.
Eight, can moderately express and control their emotions. Unpleasant emotions must be given to release or known as catharsis, but not to vent too much, otherwise, not only affect their lives, but also intensify interpersonal conflicts. In addition, objective things are not the main factor in determining emotions, emotions are generated by people’s evaluation of things, and different evaluation results in different emotional responses.
There was an old lady whose oldest son was a salt tanner and the youngest son was an umbrella seller. The old lady was always worried about her older son on cloudy days and her younger son on sunny days. A heart doctor said to the old lady, “You are so lucky that on sunny days your older son makes money and on rainy days your younger son makes money.” When the old lady thought it made sense, she became happy.
Nine, limited use of their talents and interests. One’s talents and interests should be beneficial to oneself, to one’s family and to society. Otherwise, if you only focus on your own talents and interests to the detriment of others or groups, it will cause interpersonal disputes and add unnecessary worries.
Ten, in the case of not violating social moral norms, the basic needs of individuals should be met to a certain extent. When the individual’s needs can be met, it will produce a sense of pleasure and happiness. However, human needs are often endless. Under the norms of law and morality, it is the best choice to meet the appropriate needs of individuals
Criteria for college students
In practice, we believe that the mental health of college students should be grasped from the following aspects.
I. Normal intelligence. This is the basic psychological condition for college students to study, live and work, and also the psychological guarantee necessary to adapt to the changes in the surrounding environment. Therefore, when measuring, the key lies in whether the effectiveness is normal and adequate: that is, having a strong desire to know, being willing to learn, and being able to actively participate in learning activities.
Second, emotional health. The sign is emotional stability and happy mood. The content includes, more pleasant emotions than negative emotions, optimistic and cheerful, energetic, full of hope for life; more stable emotions, good at controlling and regulating their emotions, both restraint and reasonable catharsis; emotional reactions and the environment to adapt.
Third, the will is sound. Will is a person in the completion of a purposeful activity, the choice, decision and implementation of the mental process. Those who have a sound will show a high level of consciousness, decisiveness, tenacity and self-control in their actions. A college student with sound will has consciousness of purpose in various activities, can make timely decisions and use practical and prepared ways to solve problems encountered, can take reasonable reactions in the face of difficulties and setbacks, can control emotions and words in action, rather than acting blindly, fearing difficulties and being stubborn and obstinate.
Fourth, the integrity of personality. Personality refers to the sum of the individual’s more stable psychological characteristics. Personality perfection means that there is a sound and unified personality, that is, what the individual thinks, says and does is coordinated. One is the integrity and unity of the elements of the personality structure; with a correct sense of self, not to produce self-identity confusion, with a positive and enterprising outlook on life as the core of personality, and as the center of their own, needs, goals and actions to unify.
V. Correct self-evaluation. Correct self-evaluation is an important condition for college students’ psychological health. College students and self-observation, self-identification, self-judgment and self-evaluation, to know themselves, to know themselves appropriately, to put themselves in the right position, neither to be proud of themselves in some aspects above others, nor to be ashamed of themselves in some aspects below others, face, to be able to self-pleasure, to like themselves, to accept themselves, to have self-respect, self-improvement Self-control, self-love moderate, facing reality, positive and enterprising.
Sixth, interpersonal relationships in harmony. Good and deep interpersonal relationships, is a prerequisite for career success and happiness in life. Its performance is. Happy to interact with people, both extensive and deep interpersonal relationships, but also a close friend; in the interaction to maintain an independent and complete personality, self-knowledge, not subservient; can objectively evaluate others and themselves, good to take the long work of others to make up for their shortcomings, generous to others, willing to help others, positive attitude to interact more than negative attitudes, correct motivation to interact.
7. Normal social adaptation. Individuals maintain good order with the objective reality. Do objective observation to obtain correct understanding, correspond to various difficulties in the environment with effective methods, do not retreat, but also strive to coordinate according to the characteristics of the environment and the situation of self-awareness, or reform the environment to adapt to the needs of the individual, and transform the self to adapt to the environment.
Eight, psychological behavior in line with the age characteristics of college students. College students are a special group in a specific age stage, and college students should have the psychological behavior characteristics corresponding to their age and role.
Theoretical standards
Cognitive process
Various psychological phenomena expressed by human in the activity of knowing the objective world.
Brief introduction of concepts: sensation, perception, memory, thinking, imagination.
Emotional Processes
The process of various psychological experiences that occur when people recognize objective things.
Will process
The process of people trying to overcome difficulties and accomplish tasks in order to achieve their goals. The behavior produced in the process of will is the act of will (line).
Knowledge, emotion, intention, and action
Cognition is the basis for the generation of emotion and intention; behavior is generated on the basis of cognition and driven by emotion, which raises awareness, enhances emotion, and sharpens will; behavior controls and regulates emotion and improves cognition. Psychological processes focus on the commonality of the human psyche. It mainly includes three aspects of cognition, emotion and will, namely: often said to know, emotion and will. Knowledge is the process by which the human brain receives external input and converts it into internal mental activity through mental processing, which in turn governs human behavior;
Emotion is the subjective experience of satisfaction, dissatisfaction, love, disgust and hatred based on the cognitive input; intention is the internal motivation that drives people to strive for goals and maintain these behaviors. Knowledge, emotion and intention are not isolated and interconnected as a unified whole, they are interconnected, interrelated and interpenetrating.
A specific stimulus is used to observe whether the stimulated person can make a normal response.
Emotional Criteria
The criteria of human mental health include the reasons for the formation of emotions, their duration, and long-term stability.
I. Emotions have appropriate causes: certain things cause corresponding emotions is one of the signs of emotional health. Emotions are caused by different reasons, such as happiness, sadness, frustration, etc.
Second, the effect of emotion time shifts with the objective situation: usually when the factors that cause emotion disappear, the person’s emotional response also gradually disappears accordingly. For example, life accidentally lost something, at that time may be very angry, after the matter, slowly also on their own regulation. If you are angry for a long time, this is a sign of emotional dysfunction.
Third, sustained emotional stability: emotional stability indicates that the individual’s central nervous system activity is in relative balance, reflecting the coordination of central nervous system activity. If a person’s mood is often unstable, temperamental, is a sign of emotional unhealthiness.
Fourth, a happy and calm mood is an important sign of emotional health. Pleasant indicates the harmony and satisfaction of the physical and mental activities of a person. Happy that a person’s body and mind in a positive state of health. A person is often depressed, always sad, mood with bitterness, it may be a sign of mental ill health, to pay attention to self-regulation.