Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic disease that involves the sacroiliac joints, causing spinal ankylosis and fibrosis, resulting in varying degrees of muscle, bone, and joint lesions, and is an autoimmune disease. It is a systemic disease with chronic inflammatory lesions mainly in the medial joints (sacroiliac joints and spinal attachment points). The history of the disease varies, with more males than females. Patients often develop in young age, especially young men, with early pain in the lumbar and sacral areas and stiffness in the low back, which is obvious in the morning and can be reduced after activity. It is easily misdiagnosed as other low back and leg pain diseases. The goal of treatment of ankylosing spondylitis is to control inflammation, reduce or relieve symptoms, maintain normal posture and optimal functional position, and prevent deformity. How to achieve these goals emphasizes the importance of comprehensive treatment, early diagnosis, early treatment, and treatment before the appearance of deformity. Clinical treatment includes patient and family education, physical therapy, physiotherapy, medication control and, if necessary, surgical orthopedics. Daily life: Patients should sleep on hard beds, take more supine positions, avoid positions that promote flexion deformity, have short pillows, and keep the chest upright in sitting position. When standing, they should try to maintain a posture with chest up, abdomen tucked in and eyes flat in front. Avoid pain caused by overexertion. Physical therapy: Heat therapy such as hot bath, hot compress, hot spring bath, etc. can relax the muscles, reduce pain, facilitate joint movement, maintain normal function and prevent deformity. Exercise: A moderate amount of physical exercise can prevent deformity, maintain the physiological curvature of the spine, and maintain normal respiratory function. Prevention of osteoporosis: maintain bone density and strength, prevent disuse muscle atrophy of limbs, etc. Medication: use medication under the guidance of a doctor and follow up regularly. Surgical treatment: Surgical orthopedic treatment can be considered when the limb is deformed. For example, osteotomy and humpback orthopedics is feasible for spinal humpback, and artificial joint replacement is feasible for joint ankylosis.