The root cause of menopausal syndrome in women is mainly the cessation of estrogen secretion by the ovaries; therefore, supplementing postmenopausal women with the right amount of estrogen should be a special treatment for the cause of the disease. Practice has proved that the use of estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women is very useful in improving women’s health, relieving pain and improving the quality of life. In fact, it is still nearly 30 years since people came out of this misunderstanding. In November 2000, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association established a menopause group, which marked the beginning of in-depth research on menopause-related diseases in China. It is reported that this research has now become one of the major topics to be tackled by the World Health Organization. The treatment of patients with menopausal symptoms also began abroad. In the 1960s and 1970s, American medical experts first used hormone therapy to treat patients with severe menopausal symptoms for the symptoms of declining hormone levels in menopausal women, with the slogan “eternal youth is not a dream”, and hormones became the only effective elixir for menopausal diseases. However, clinical practice soon revealed that although these women who took hormones temporarily regained their previous vitality and vigor, the incidence of choriocarcinoma and endometrial cancer was four to six times higher than that of women who did not use hormones. Doctors at the menopause clinic of a maternity hospital once conducted an experiment in which 10 menopausal women with different symptoms took the same minimum dose of hormones orally at the same time and monitored the blood concentration after 24 hours. This shows that the same treatment may not work for some people, while for others it is a panacea. Therefore, it is very important to treat menopausal syndrome on an individual basis. Scope of application of estrogen replacement therapy 1. For severe menopausal syndrome, after the reasonable application of estrogen replacement therapy, it is as good as before, and the treatment is very effective. 2. For vaginitis, urethritis, cystitis and tension urinary incontinence that are recurrent and persistent, the effect is good. 3. For osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia occurring after menopause, estrogen supplementation can improve the condition. It is advisable to start supplementation as early as possible to prevent osteoporosis, the earlier the better. Long-term estrogen replacement therapy can not only reduce bone loss, increase bone toughness, prevent back bending and fractures, but also slow down the progress of atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, thus improving the quality of life of elderly women (especially senior women). 4. For young women or women who have not yet reached menopause and have had their ovaries and uterus removed due to disease or other reasons, if there are no contraindications, they should adhere to long-term estrogen supplementation as replacement therapy after surgery.