Ankylosing spondylitis, known in Chinese medicine as spinal paralysis, is an autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is closely related to the kidney in Chinese medicine. According to Chinese medicine, “if the righteousness exists within the body, the evil cannot dry up”. The modern concept of immunology refers to the process of the body’s recognition and elimination of “non-self” antigenic substances. It includes three major functions: immune protection, self-stabilization and immune monitoring. The network of lymphocytes within the immune system: helper T lymphocytes (TH) and suppressor T lymphocytes (TS) play a central role in the regulation of this immune network. Studies have proven that CAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) suppresses immunity, while CGMP (cyclic aconitine monophosphate) enhances it. Therefore, the plasma CAMPCGMP and CAMP/CGMP ratios of Yang deficiency patients are often used to identify the disease, while the plasma CAMP ↑ CGMP and CAMP/CGMP ratios of Yin deficiency patients are increased. The internal organs are the material basis for the production and execution of immune functions. The kidney is the root of the innate nature, the main bone and marrow, and the organ of water and fire, and its fumigation ensures the harmonious operation of the five organs. The term kidney in Chinese medicine refers to a large extent to the function of the pituitary-adrenocortical system in modern medicine. This system is involved in important immune mechanisms, with growth hormone in the anterior pituitary stimulating antibody production and promoting immune responses by way of the action of nucleic acid-inducible proteins; and adrenocorticotropic hormone inhibiting antibody production and reducing immune responses in the same way. The pituitary-adrenocortical system, in turn, is influenced by antigens, antibodies, lymphokines, and the nervous system to maintain the endocrine balance of the body, thus keeping the immune function stable. If there is an imbalance, autoimmune disease occurs, which is manifested in the bone and joint area, mainly in the spine, as ankylosing spondylitis.