A study on the physical, psychological and behavioral development of left-behind children conducted by the Hubei Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital shows that the physical and mental health of rural left-behind children is worse than that of non-left-behind children of the same age and economic level. The earlier the parents left home to work, the worse the physical, mental and physical development of the children. The research results were recently awarded the second prize of the first preventive medicine science and technology award in Hubei Province. The research was conducted by Dr. Yang Qin, director of the Health Department of Hubei Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, who introduced the research to three counties in the province, namely Public Security, Huangmei and Hanchuan, where there are many migrant workers, and randomly selected 1,085 left-behind children and 1,085 non-left-behind children aged 0-7, and matched them by age and economic status. The research not only focused on the health index of left-behind children, but also included the psychological behavior of left-behind children in the scope of vision. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of anemia among rural left-behind children was over 44%, and the standard values of five physical development indicators, namely weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference and upper arm, were not up to standard. The mental health of left-behind children is relatively poor, mainly in terms of peer interaction ability and affinity social behavior. The survey found that more than 50% of left-behind children’s parents went out when they were less than one year old, and their parents went out to work too early, making left-behind children prone to emotional and psychological problems such as irritability, capriciousness, extreme introversion, lack of social interaction with peers, and poor social affinity. Yang Qin explained that the age of 3 is a critical period for children’s growth and development, and parental care, especially emotional response, is directly related to the correct establishment of children’s emotions, psychology and behavior. Parents should try to communicate with their children or direct guardians as much as possible during this critical period of their children’s growth, and delay working outside the home as much as possible. If it is necessary to go out to work, it is better for one parent to stay at home to take care of the child; if both parents cannot stay at home, they should try to avoid going out to work when the child is one or two years old. At the same time, society should also pay more attention to children left behind, give full play to the role of primary health care institutions, carry out health education activities, gradually improve the guardianship and parenting knowledge of children’s guardians, and also reasonably use kindergarten education to fill the lack of family education.