1. Prostate hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is characterized by interstitial and epithelial cell hyperplasia of the prostate gland, and is a common and prevalent disease in older men. The main symptoms are frequent urination, painful urination, increased nocturnal urination and urge incontinence, thin urine line during urination, short range, interrupted urination dripping after urination, urinary retention, etc.
(1) Treatment: medication, such as Paulette, Harlequin, Kotexin, Cordova, etc.
(2) surgical treatment: open surgery, prostate electrosurgery, transurethral resection of the prostate is currently the gold standard for the treatment of the disease, has been skillfully applied in clinical practice and is widely recognized.
2. Prostatitis
Main classification.
(1) Acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis
(2) acute and chronic aseptic prostatitis
(3) prostate pain.
The current main treatment is through drug therapy, Chinese and Western medicine, blood circulation, blood stasis, through the meridians, heat detoxification and other symptomatic treatment, but also through sitz bath, prostate massage, microwave short wave and other physical treatment.
3. Prostate cancer
It is a common malignant tumor of male reproductive system and one of the common tumors among senior men.
Diagnostic methods.
(1) Elevated PSA: elevated PSA is an important indicator for detecting prostate cancer, TPSA>4ng/ml is significant, patients with elevated PSA are recommended to check transrectal ultrasound and prostate MRI, and if necessary, perform prostate puncture. Many early prostate cancers are detected by physical examination of PSA, and it is recommended that men older than 50 years of age should undergo routine PSA examination every year.
(2) Rectal examination or transrectal ultrasound: if hard nodules are found or hypoechoic nodules are found under ultrasound, prostate puncture is recommended.
(3) Prostate puncture biopsy: It is the main method to confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer. TPSA>4ng/ml, according to ultrasound and prostate MRI, puncture can be chosen.
(4) X-ray: metastatic bone destruction lesions can be seen in the crest, pelvis and femur.
Treatment methods.
(1) Surgical treatment: For early stage patients, radical prostate cancer surgery is feasible for prostate cancer confined within the prostate envelope; for advanced stage patients, radical prostate cancer surgery including seminal vesicle can be performed with endocrine assistance; if the prostate cancer cannot be radically removed, endocrine debulking treatment is feasible, including surgical debulking and pharmacological debulking to relieve bone pain.
(2) Endocrine therapy: followed by anti-androgen therapy after surgery.
(3) Drug intravenous chemotherapy: Advanced prostate cancer can be treated with intravenous chemotherapy and bone metastasis inhibition on top of endocrine.