Age-related open-eye coma is caused by damage to the thalamus, suboptic thalamus, superior brainstem, cortical cingulate gyrus, or corpus callosum, while the function of the motor nerve is preserved and the patient’s eyes turn from time to time. The orienting reflex to sound and the transient reflex to visual stimuli are present, but the response to nociceptive stimuli is very sluggish and may elicit only the defensive reflexes of the limbs. The patient does not speak, does not move, is unable to communicate thoughts, sleeps for a long time, has sweating and temperature disorders, and is polyuric, a vegetative state. Examination items: 1, blood routine (1) white blood cells: increase should be considered inflammation, infection, dehydration and other stress conditions; decrease to suspect blood disease or hypersplenism. (2) Hemoglobin: Anyone suspected of anemia and internal bleeding should check this. (3) Platelet count: Decrease should be considered as a possibility of hematologic disease. (4) Other: those who suspect carbon monoxide poisoning should have a qualitative carbon monoxide test. (2) Urine routine (1) large amount of urine protein, accompanied by red and white blood cell tube type should be considered to have uremia. (2) urinary triple bile: urinary bilirubin (+), urinary bilirubinogen > 1:20 (+), suggesting liver damage. (3) urine sugar and ketone body test: to identify as diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemic coma, with or without ketosis or acidosis, etc. 3, fecal routine (1) microscopy: diarrhea or suspected toxic dysentery should be made fecal microscopy, if necessary, enema or anal finger examination, retention of fecal specimens. (2) occult blood test: suspected of black stool or internal bleeding may be fecal occult blood test. 4, cerebrospinal fluid examination (1) pressure increase indicates increased intracranial pressure. (2) routine and biochemical (protein, sugar, sodium chloride) examination, naked eye or microscopic bloody cerebrospinal fluid, if puncture trauma can be excluded, should be considered intracranial hemorrhage; cerebrospinal fluid examination is normal and clinical hemiplegia, should be considered ischemic cerebrovascular disease; cerebrospinal fluid pressure is high and the routine biochemical normal, may be toxic or metabolic encephalopathy; cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis, it suggests infectious or inflammatory disorders; cerebrospinal fluid If the cells are normal and the protein is increased, it may be an intracranial tumor, demyelinating disease or infectious polyradiculoneuritis. (3) Other examinations: those who consider septic meningitis with cerebrospinal fluid manifestations should have Gram-stained smears for bacteria and culture and drug sensitivity determination; those who suspect tuberculous meningitis should have film smears for antacid staining or amplification (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For suspected fungal meningitis, centrifugal precipitation should be used to stain the smear with ink to look for fungi. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid can also be used for a variety of immune tests such as immunoglobulin, syphilis reaction and a variety of neurotransmitter tests, and also for cytology. 5. Vomit examination Where drug or poison poisoning is suspected, if there is vomit, it should be retained for targeted toxicological identification, and if there is no vomit, a gastric tube should be inserted to extract gastric contents for examination. 6.Other selective examinations If organophosphorus poisoning is suspected, blood cholinesterase activity should be checked; if diabetic coma is suspected, blood glucose, urea nitrogen, carbon dioxide binding capacity, blood gas analysis and blood potassium, sodium and chloride should be checked; if uremia is suspected, urea nitrogen, creatinine, carbon dioxide binding capacity and blood potassium, sodium, calcium and chloride should be checked; if hepatic encephalopathy is suspected, blood ammonia and liver function should be checked; if pulmonary encephalopathy is suspected, blood gas analysis and pH should be checked. If there is a suspicion of heart disease, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram or cardiac wave monitor should be performed. 7.X-ray examination If there is suspicion of trauma in coma, take cranial X-ray to find skull fracture; chest X-ray can find blood, pneumothorax, lung inflammation or tumor; abdominal X-ray can exclude subdiaphragmatic pneumonia or intestinal obstruction. 8, various other imaging (pneumoencephalography, ventriculography, angiography) B-type ultrasound and Doppler vascular ultrasound images, radionuclide scan, cerebral hemogram, CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other auxiliary tests can help understand the location and nature of the lesion, which is more helpful for differential diagnosis.