The characteristics of the hard chancre include small localized erythematous patches, painless papules, hard nodules or surface discharge, and cartilaginous hardness to the touch. The chancre is a lesion that appears on the skin after infection with the syphilis spirochete and is a typical symptom of stage 1 syphilis. In men, it is most common in the coronal groove of the penis, the glans, the prepuce and tunica, and the urethra; in women, it is more common in the labia majora and minora, the clitoral tunica, and the cervix; and less commonly, it is found in the anus, the lips, the tongue, and the breasts. The hard chancre is round or oval, usually painless, non-itching, and a well-defined ulcer. The sores are clean and often rise above the surface of the skin, with increased secretions in patients with secondary infections and a hardness similar to that of cartilage when touched. Untreated chancre often lasts 3 to 4 weeks or more, and in treated cases it usually subsides in 1 to 2 weeks. The hard chancre needs to be differentiated from other genital ulcerative diseases such as soft chancre, fixed drug rash and genital herpes. When these symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention to identify the cause with the help of a doctor and actively cooperate with him or her in the management or treatment of the condition.