Esophageal cancer is a relatively common malignant tumor of the digestive system in clinical practice. Early esophageal cancer, if detected afterwards, can be treated more effectively through radical esophageal cancer surgery. As for early esophageal cancer with higher differentiation of pathological type or less individuality, the survival period of 5 years of surgery will reach more than 90%, and the chances of recurrence or metastasis of patients after surgery are greatly reduced. After surgery, according to the type of esophageal cancer pathology and immunohistochemistry results of patients, comprehensive treatment programs such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapy can effectively enhance the surgical effect of early esophageal cancer after surgery, which can improve the cure rate of esophageal cancer and appropriately extend the survival time of patients. Patients with early stage esophageal cancer must go to regular hospitals and find specialists for detailed examination and preoperative evaluation.