This disease was first reported by Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japan in 1967 and is also known as acute febrile cutaneous mucosal lymph node syndrome. The main clinical manifestations are systemic vasculitis, acute fever and rash. 80% of the cases occur in children under 4 years of age, with the most frequent occurrence around 1 year of age. The etiology of this disease is not well understood, but may be related to infectious and immune factors, and recently it has been suggested that retroviruses may be involved.
Introduction
This disease was first reported by Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japan in 1967 and is also known as acute febrile cutaneous mucosal lymph node syndrome. The main clinical manifestations are generalized vasculitis, acute fever and rash. 80% of the cases occur in children under 4 years of age, with the most frequent occurrence around 1 year of age.
The etiology of this disease is not well understood and may be related to infection and immune factors.
Clinical symptoms
(1) Fever lasting for more than 5 days, with irregular fever pattern, up to 39℃ or more, and ineffective antibiotic treatment.
(2) Swelling and hardness of the hands and feet, with flushing of the palms and soles. Recovery period finger and toe end peeling.
(3) Polymorphic erythema-like rash without herpes and crusts.
(4) Bulbar conjunctivitis of both eyes.
(5) Red, chapped lips, strawberry-like tongue, flushing of the oropharynx.
(6) Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.
Differential diagnosis
(1) Scarlet fever: Most often occurs in winter and spring, with a history of exposure to scarlet fever. The rash is dense and linear, with a pale ring around the mouth.
(2) Erythema multiforme: blistering erythema, with the lesions expanding to the periphery, with a tendency to heal and develop.
Treatment.
(1) Strengthen nursing care to prevent secondary infection and complications.
(2) Aspirin is preferred.
(3) Prevent secondary infection with antibiotics.
Prognosis
The prognosis of most cases of Kawasaki disease is good, but the problem lies in the extensive involvement of the cardiovascular system and its serious consequences. In a small number of cases, sudden death can occur in the acute phase, or coronary artery disease can be left behind until adulthood.
Treatment
Western medicine: pansentine, inosine, energy combination, 1-2 courses of treatment, optionally with aspirin and hormones, antibiotics for secondary infections.
Medication guidelines
Kawasaki disease is characterized by fever, rash, bulbar conjunctival congestion, red ruptured lips, poppy tongue, swollen lymph nodes, swollen finger joints of hands and feet, hard puffiness of hands and feet, membrane-like peeling at the skin junction of nail bed during recovery, mononuclear cell increase, left shift of nucleus, increased blood sedimentation, and increased alpha 2 globulin as its main clinical manifestations. It is more common in children under 4 years old.
Features
The disease is often associated with increased platelet count and coagulation within 2-3 weeks of onset, resulting in thrombotic infarction, which is one of the causes of sudden death in children. Therefore, early treatment with the application of blood-stasis activation is an effective way to control the abnormal increase of platelets and prevent platelets from coagulating and forming thrombotic infarction.