Macrosplenomegaly is a type of splenomegaly. The etiological classification of splenomegaly can be summarized into two main categories: one is infectious splenomegaly; the other is non-infectious splenomegaly. The causes of megalosplenomegaly are: 1. Infectious (1) Acute infections: seen in viral infections, rickettsial infections, bacterial infections, helminth infections, and parasitic infections. (2) Chronic infection: seen in chronic viral hepatitis, chronic schistosomiasis, chronic malaria, black fever, syphilis, etc. 2, non-infectious (1) bruising: seen in liver cirrhosis, chronic congestive right heart failure, chronic constrictive pericarditis or massive pericardial effusion, Budd-Chiari syndrome, idiopathic non-sclerotic portal hypertension. (2) Hematologic diseases: seen in various types of acute and chronic leukemia, red leukemia, erythroleukemia, malignant lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, true erythrocytosis, myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma, systemic histiocytosis, hypersplenism. (3) Connective tissue diseases: such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, polyarteritis nodosa, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Still’s disease), Felty’s disease, etc. (4) Histiocytic proliferative disorders: such as Leu-Scher (Letterer-Siwe)’s disease, xantholipomatosis (Han-Scher-Ko) syndrome, eosinophilic granuloma. (5) Lipid deposition disorders: such as Gaucher’s disease (Gaucher’s disease), Niemann-Pick disease. (6) Splenic tumors and splenic cysts: primary malignant tumors of the spleen are rare, and malignant tumors that metastasize to the spleen are rare, with primary cancer foci mostly located in the gastrointestinal tract. Spleen cysts are rare and are divided into true and pseudocysts. True cysts are divided into epidermoid cysts, endothelial cysts (e.g., lymphatic duct cysts) and parasitic cysts (e.g., echinococcosis). Pseudocysts are classified as hemorrhagic, serous or inflammatory.