Thyroid nodules can be seen in a variety of conditions, such as nodular goiter, nodular toxic goiter and inflammatory nodules, and different conditions may have different symptoms. Nodular goiter is usually caused by a relative lack of thyroid hormone secretion in the body, resulting in elevated TSH secretion by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the thyroid gland to repeatedly and continuously increase in size, mainly due to uneven enlargement of the thyroid gland. Nodular toxic goiter is usually seen in chronic nodular goiter. In addition to the nodules, it is associated with mild hyperthyroidism, but rarely with proptosis, and the thyroid nodules are hard and usually move up and down with swallowing, but there is no vascular murmur on ultrasound. Inflammatory nodules are divided into infectious and non-infectious cases. Infectious nodules are usually caused by viral infections, such as subacute thyroiditis, and may appear as nodules in the thyroid gland, along with fever and localized pain in the thyroid gland. Non-infectious inflammatory nodules, usually due to autoimmune thyroiditis, may present as multiple or single nodules in the thyroid gland with a hard texture and may show positive thyroglobulin and microsomal antibodies during thyroid function tests. The clinical symptoms of thyroid nodules are varied and the diagnosis can be made on the basis of the symptoms and the corresponding test results.