Standardization of semen collection is a prerequisite for good semen analysis, so it is important to inform the subject in detail about the methods and precautions for semen collection and delivery before semen collection. 1. Abstinence should be at least 48 hours, but not more than 7 days, before specimen collection. To minimize fluctuations in semen analysis results, the number of days of abstinence should be as constant as possible. Each semen analysis report should state: the patient’s name, the duration of abstinence, the date and time of specimen collection, whether the specimen collection is complete, and the time interval from collection to analysis of the specimen. 2. The initial examiner should have two semen analyses, and the interval between two semen collections should be greater than 7 days, but not more than 3 weeks. If there is a significant difference in the results between the two times, the specimen should be taken again for a third analysis. 3. The collection of specimens should preferably be done individually in a sperm collection room near the laboratory. Otherwise, it should be sent to the laboratory within 1 hour after collection. 4. It is best to take semen by masturbation and collect semen in a wide-mouthed glass or plastic container that has no toxic effect on sperm. The temperature should be kept at 20~40℃ to avoid reducing sperm viability. If microbiological examination is to be done, the patient should first urinate and wash his hands and penis and collect in a sterile container. 5. If masturbation is difficult, special condoms can be used for semen collection. Because latex condoms used daily can affect the survival of sperm, they cannot be used for semen collection. The interruption of intercourse method also cannot be used for semen collection because the initial portion of the ejaculate, which often has the highest sperm density, may be lost. Moreover, the specimen will be contaminated by bacteria and microorganisms; at the same time, acidic vaginal secretions will also have a negative impact on sperm vitality. 6, Semen collection must be complete, incomplete semen should not be analyzed. 7. The temperature of the specimen should be kept above 20°C, but not more than 40°C, during transportation to the laboratory. 8. The container for semen collection must be marked with the name of the subject (and/or ID number) and the date and time of specimen collection. The main indicators such as sperm concentration, viability and morphology must be analyzed objectively in conjunction with the medical history. Without a medical history, it is extremely naive and an irresponsible attitude towards the patient’s treatment to simply analyze the laboratory test. Firstly, semen routine is not a functional test, it is a rough judgment of fertility only by the concentration, vitality and morphology of sperm, which is like judging people by their appearance, it is not very accurate, you can’t say that great people like Napoleon were short, you can’t say that they had poor ability, members of the state honor guard are handsome and dashing, you can’t say that they have superb ability based on this; secondly, semen routine analysis can’t determine the fertilization position of The actual ability of a few sperm to fertilize can not be determined by routine semen analysis, so to properly assess male fertility requires a comprehensive judgment combined with clinical information such as medical history. The World Health Organization defines male infertility as the absence of fertility for one year due to the male partner’s factors, when both men and women are not using contraception and have a normal sexual life. In our clinical work, if the woman is ≤ 34 years old, the limit is 1 year; if the woman is ≥ 35 years old, she can enter the treatment process of infertility in half a year. This is because by the age of 35, a woman’s fertility is only 50% of that of a 25-year-old, by the age of 38, only 25%, and over 40, less than 5%. The definition of male infertility has absolutely no provisions for specific parameters of semen, it cannot be said that low concentration or poor vitality is infertility, if there is no history of infertility, theoretically speaking, only the active sperm in the semen can be observed, there is generally no problem of oligospermia, weak, teratozoospermia and the problem of non-liquefaction, should be in the stage of eugenics, the focus is on the female partner to the obstetrics and gynecology department for eugenics, rather than Look at infertility, can not be normal as abnormal (treated as oligospermia, weak sperm, etc.), small problems magnified, otherwise the wrong logic developed, is a large number of drugs, and yet nothing effective. We have observed clinically that many patients with low gonadotropin male infertility have a little sperm in their semen after medication (often even about 1 million/ml) then the woman can get pregnant, which also confirms the importance of medical history; conversely, if there is a medical history and the male partner’s semen routine is normal in all parameters and the female partner has no major problems, it means that there may be now unknown infertility factors, which may be more difficult to treat. Moreover, the 3 main indicators of semen routine are derived from sampling, which has the problem of sampling error, the larger the number of samples taken, the closer to the true value the smaller the value, the less close to the true value. This is like sampling to check the passing rate of the products produced in the factory, if only one product is sampled and it happens to be a failed product, can you say that the passing rate is 0? If the number of sperm sampled is too small, in comparing the various indicators, it is just like playing a numbers game. Here is another point to emphasize: the sperm must be taken intact. The reason is that when semen is ejected, the initial discharge is clear and sticky, mainly urethral bulb gland secretions and a small amount of prostate fluid, which is a sign of male sexual excitement, the number of sperm is very small and plays a role in lubricating the urethra to facilitate ejaculation; followed by the most important part of the ejaculation, mainly prostate fluid and epididymal tail fluid is dominant, the quantity and quality of sperm is the best, after the exclusion of the first coagulation and then dissolution; and finally the seminal vesicle gland The last is the secretion of the seminal vesicle gland, which mainly contains fructose, with low sperm count and poor quality. If the sperm is taken incomplete, it should be re-examined, otherwise the results are not reliable; if the laboratory does not mix the specimen sufficiently, it will also affect the results of semen examination. There is also a special case of occult spermatozoa, that is, sometimes there are sperm in the semen, sometimes there is not then it is necessary to recheck the semen several times, abstinence for about 7 days, the sperm concentration is particularly low, if the abstinence time is short, the semen often can not find sperm, so as to assess whether IVF, the risk of doing IVF and whether testicular puncture should be done before IVF. If one or more grade a,b or c sperm are found, with two such semen test results, or grade d sperm with a sperm concentration greater than 5 million/ml, then you can go directly to the IVF procedure. On the day of IVF, if enough sperm cannot be found in the semen, then testicular sperm retrieval is performed directly, but there is the same risk: the risk of not finding enough sperm on the day of egg retrieval and having to freeze the eggs; if the semen is worse than the above worse, or in azoospermic patients, testicular puncture is required before entering IVF to assess whether IVF can be performed, and the risk of doing it. Active preparation before the war is very important to win the war, otherwise it will end up with “I see the division going out but I don’t see it coming in”. Accurate test results are also crucial to the treatment of diseases. If the test is not performed according to the requirements, the test results may be inaccurate, and then the treatment will be blind and may not achieve good results. The main reason is that the abstinence time is too long, so you will encounter false weak sperm; the sperm density fluctuates greatly, and it is not appropriate to make a diagnosis of oligospermia based on one result, and such treatment is also unreasonable and should be avoided.